Immunizations

Question 1

Define Herd Immunity

Answer 1

The ability of a community to resist epidemic disease

Unvaccinated individuals are indirectly protected by vaccinated individuals

Question 2

2 Types of Immunization

Answer 2

Active

Passive

Question 3

Define Active Immunization

Answer 3

Antigen administration or a polysaccharide, protein, microorganism or deactivated toxin

Question 4

What does active immunity do?

Answer 4

Provides long term immunity
Meaningful immunity not achieved until 2-4 weeks after vaccination
Live are more efficacious

Question 5

Define Passive Immunization

Answer 5

Administration of preformed antibody

Question 6

What passive immunity do?

Answer 6

Provide immediate protection

Short term

Question 7

Which vaccinations are live viruses?

Answer 7

MMR
Varicella
Zoster
Nasal-spray flu

Question 8

Routes of Administration of Vaccinations

Answer 8

IM

SC

Question 9

Common SE of Vaccinations

Answer 9

Fever

Local reaction

Question 10

True Vaccination Contraindications

Answer 10

Previous anaphylactic reaction to vaccine
History of anaphylaxis to eggs or egg-protein
Previous anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or streptomycin
Hx of severe systemic reactions to cholera, typhoid, or plague
Immunocompromised adults due to disease or treatment
Household members of immunocompromised patient
Pregnant women

Question 11

Recommended action for a previous anaphylactic reaction to vaccine

Answer 11

Avoid revaccination of the specific vaccine

Question 12

Recommended action for history of anaphylaxis to eggs or egg-protein

Answer 12

Avoid MMR
Avoid influenza
Avoid yellow-fever

Question 13

Recommended action for previous anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or streptomycin

Answer 13

Avoid MMR

Question 14

Recommended action for history of severe systemic reactions

Answer 14

Avoid revaccination

Question 15

Recommended action for immunocompromised adults as a result of disease or treatment

Answer 15

Avoid live virus vaccines

Question 16

Recommended action for household members of immunocompromised patients

Answer 16

Avoid oral polio

Question 17

Recommended action for pregnant women

Answer 17

Avoid live vaccines

Question 18

Misconceptions about Vaccine Contraindications

Answer 18

Can’t administer if MILD respiratory, intestinal, or flu-like illness
Mild/moderate local reactions
Hx of seizures
Non-vaccine associated demyelinating conditions

Question 19

Hepatitis B Vaccine Schedule

Answer 19

1st: at birth
2nd: 6-8 weeks
3rd: 4-18 months
4th: 6 months

Question 20

What do we do for infants born of hepatitis B positive mothers?

Answer 20

Administer vaccine
Administer HBIG
Within 12 hours

Question 21

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Alternative Names

Answer 21

PCV13

Prevnar13

Question 22

What is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide & principa cause of sepsis and meningitis?

Answer 22

Strep pneumo

Question 23

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Schedule

Answer 23

1st: 6-8 weeks
2nd: 4 months
3rd: 6 months
4th: 12-15 months

Question 24

What was the leading cause of childhood meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottis prior to vaccine?

Answer 24

H. flu

Question 25

Indications to administer HIB to children >5

Answer 25

``` Sickle cell disease HIV/AIDS Removal of spleen Bone marrow transplant Certain CA patients ```

Question 26

HIB Vaccination Schedule

Answer 26

1st: 6-8 weeks 2nd: 4 months 3rd: 6 months 4th: 15-18 months

Question 27

Polio Vaccination Schedule

Answer 27

1st: 6-8 weeks 2nd: 4 months 3rd: 6 months 4th: 4-6 years

Question 28

What is included in the DTaP vaccination?

Answer 28

Diptheria Tetanus Acellular pertusis

Question 29

What does the uppercase letters indicate in the Tdap vaccination?

Answer 29

Full-strength dose

Question 30

DTaP Vaccination Schedule

Answer 30

1st: 6-8 weeks 2nd: 4 months 3rd: 6 months 4th: 15-18 months 5th: 4-6 years Booster doses: every 10 years (possibly 5 soon)

Question 31

How is the rotavirus vaccine administered?

Answer 31

Orally

Question 32

What is the single most important viral cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide?

Answer 32

Rotavirus

Question 33

What are the names of the 2 rotavirus vaccinations?

Answer 33

RV5 (RotaTeq)- 2mL dose/3 doses | RV1 (Rotarix)- 2mL dose/2 doses

Question 34

Rotavirus Vaccination Schedule

Answer 34

1st: 6-8 weeks 2nd: 4 months 3rd: 6 months (RotaTeq-RV1)

Question 35

What is the rotavirus vaccine associated with an increased risk of?

Answer 35

Intussesception

Question 36

When is the influenza vaccination recommended?

Answer 36

Annually in 6 months to 18 years

Question 37

The first year a child receives the vaccination how many doses do they need?

Answer 37

2 doses

Question 38

How many influenza viruses does the influenza vaccine protect from?

Answer 38

3 or 4

Question 39

How long until there is protection from the influenza vaccine?

Answer 39

2 weeks

Question 40

Who is the Intranasal Live Influenza Vaccine Approved for?

Answer 40

Healthy patients age 2-49 years who are NOT pregnant

Question 41

What type of vaccine is the Hepatitis A vaccine?

Answer 41

Inactivated whole virus vaccine

Question 42

Hepatitis A Vaccination Schedule

Answer 42

1st: 12 months 2nd: 24 months

Question 43

What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine?

Answer 43

Live attenuated vaccine

Question 44

MMR Vaccination Schedule

Answer 44

1st: 12-18 months 2nd: 4-6 years

Question 45

Symptoms of Rubella (German Measles)

Answer 45

Rash Arthritis (females) Mild fever

Question 46

What type of vaccine is the Varicella vaccine?

Answer 46

Live, attenuated

Question 47

Varicella Vaccination Schedule

Answer 47

1st: 12-15 months 2nd: 4-6 years

Question 48

Meningococcal Vaccination Schedule

Answer 48

1st: 11-12 years 2nd: 16+ years

Question 49

HPV Vaccination Schedule

Answer 49

1st: 11-12 years 2nd: 2 months after that 3rd: 4+ months after that

Question 50

What are the FDA approved combo vaccines?

Answer 50

``` DTap, DT, Tdap, Td MMR MMRV (Proquad) DTaP, HepB, IPV (Pediarix) HepA + HepB (Twinrix) 18+ y.o. HiB + Hep B (Comvax) DTaP + HiB (TriHIBit) ```

Question 51

Pediarix (DTaP, Hep B, IPV)

Answer 51

Minimum age: 6 weeks | 3 doses: 2, 4, & 6 months

Question 52

What vaccines are recommended at birth?

Answer 52

Hepatitis B

Question 53

What vaccines are recommended at 6-8 weeks?

Answer 53

Prevnar HiB Rotavirus Pediarix- DTAP, Hep B, IVP

Question 54

What vaccines are recommended at 4 months?

Answer 54

Prevnar HiB Rotavirus Pediarix- DTaP, IVP, Hep B

Question 55

What vaccines are recommended at 6 months?

Answer 55

``` Prevnar HiB Rotavirus Influenza Pediarix- DTaP, IVP, Hep B ```

Question 56

What vaccines are recommended at 9 months?

Answer 56

None :)

Question 57

What vaccines are recommended at 12 months?

Answer 57

Prevnar HiB Hep A

Question 58

What vaccines are recommended at 15 months?

Answer 58

DTaP | ProQuad- MMR, varicella

Question 59

What vaccine is recommended at 18-24 months?

Answer 59

Hep A

Question 60

What vaccines are recommended at 4-6 years?

Answer 60

DTaP IPV ProQuad- MMR, varicella

Question 61

What vaccines are recommended at 12 years?

Answer 61

Tdap (booster) HPV Meningococcal

Question 62

What vaccine is recommended at 16-18 years?

Answer 62

Meningococcal (booster)