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Pediatrics > Adolescent Health > Flashcards

Adolescent Health Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Biologic Maturation During Puberty

A

Growth in stature
Development of secondary sex characteristics
Achievement of fertility

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2
Q

Changes in Body Systems During Puberty

A

Neuroendocrine axis
Bone size & mineralization
CV system

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3
Q

Onset of Puberty

A

Critical body weight or composition

Leptin for progression of puberty & produced by adipocytes

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4
Q

Stage 1 of Sexual Maturity

A

Preadolescent pubic hair, breast, penis, testes

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5
Q

Stage 2 of Sexual Maturity

A

Pubic hair: sparse, long, lightly pigmented
Breast: bud, breast & papilla elevated, increased areolar diameter
Penis: slight enlargement
Testes: enlarged scrotum, pink, texture roughened

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6
Q

Stage 3 of Sexual Maturity

A

Pubic hair: increased pigmentation, more curly
Breast: enlarged breast & areolar
Penis: increased length
Testes: increased size

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7
Q

Stage 4 of Sexual Maturity

A

Pubic Hair: adult type
Breast: areola & papilla form secondary mound
Penis: glans enlarged, increased breadth
Testes: enlarged, darkened in color

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8
Q

Stage 5 of Sexual Maturity

A

Pubic hair: adult distribution spread to middle thigh
Breast: nipple elevated
Penis: adult size
Testes: adult size

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9
Q

What are the “perils” of puberty?

A 
Anemia
Gynecomastia
Acne
Psychological functioning
Musculoskeletal injuries
STI's
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10
Q

Define Delayed Puberty

A

Absence or incomplete development of secondary sexual characteristics by an age at which 95% of children of that sex & culture have initiated sexual maturation

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11
Q

Primary Delayed Puberty

A

Due to hypogonadism and/or defects in their receptors on the membrane of the gonadal cells

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12
Q

Secondary Delayed Puberty

A

Gonads intact
Problem with secretion of LH, FSH, or GnRH
Defects due to hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, or hyperprolactemia

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13
Q

What is Adolescence for?

A

Exploring their environment
Coping with change
Testing boundaries
Developing independence

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14
Q

Primary Values for Adolescents

A

Freedom
Fun
Friends

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15
Q

Goals of Adolescence

A 
Become independent from parents
Develop workable value system
Become comfortable with bodily changes
Build meaningful relationships
Begin establishing economic independence
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16
Q

Normal Teen Behaviors

A 
Express opinions
Test limits
Take Risks
Experiment
Develop abstract operations
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17
Q

Define Abstract Operations

A

Widened scope of intellectual activity and an increased capacity for insight

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18
Q

Top 5 Causes of Mortality in the Adolescent Population

A 
MVA
Homicide
Suicide
CA
Heart disease
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19
Q

Adverse Health Outcomes in the Adolescent Population

A 
Alcohol use
Drug use
Tobacco use
Sex
Sedentary lifestyle
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20
Q

Establishing Rapport with Adolescents

A 
Provider must like adolescents
Avoid surrogate parent role
Avoid adolescent role
Act as an interested & caring advocate
Listen carefully and see clues
Instill responsibility
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21
Q

Confidentiality in Teens

A 
Critical for teens
Establish parameters of confidentiality
State you will alert parents if suicidal or homicidal thoughts
Attempt to meet with teen alone
Stress responsibility for their health
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22
Q

Immunizations for Adolescents

A 
Varicella vaccine
Tdap
Meningococcal vaccine
Gardasil
Hep B
IPV
MMR
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23
Q

Screening for Adolescents

A 
HTN
Obesity
Eating disorders
Hyperlipidemia or metabolic syndrome
TB
Abuse
Learning/school problems
Substance use
Depression
Risky sexual behaviors
24
Q

Anticipatory Guidance in Adolescents

A 
Healthy diet: calcium
Safe weight management
Exercise
Minimize TV & video game time
Responsible sexual behaviors
Avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, & other abusable substances
Family involvement
25
Q

What does HEAD stand for in regards to screening adolescents

A 
H: home, habits
E: education, employment, exercise
A: accidents, ambition, activity, abuse
D: drugs, diets, depression
S: sex, suicide, sports, shots
26
Q

Developmentally Oriented Approach to Adolescents

A 
Body image
Peer relationships
Independence
Identity
Sexuality
27
Q

Questions to ask for Body Image in Oriented Approach to Adolescents

A

Questions or problems with physical changes?
What would you change?
Periods, wet dreams, changes in breasts or pubic hair

28
Q

Questions to Ask for Peer Relationships in Oriented Approach to Adolescents

A

Best friend?
# close friends?
Activities participate in?
Fun?

29
Q

Questions to Ask for Independence in Oriented Approach to Adolescents

A

Get along with parents?
What issues for family arguments?
Privacy respected at home?

30
Q

Questions to Ask for Identity in Oriented Approach to Adolescents

A

Satisfied with life?
Changes in life & why?
Working?

31
Q

Alcohol Abuse in Adolescents

A 
When?
Where?
How much?
Parental drinking?
DD used?
32
Q

Substance Abuse in Adolescents

A 
Hardest to stop when start between 10-15
Easily addicted
Cessation aids necessary
#1 cause of preventable long term health consequences
"Ugly side" to advise teens
33
Q

Illicit Drug Use/Abuse in Adolescents

A 
Marijuana
Cocaine
Opiates
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
34
Q

Questions to Ask for Sexuality in Oriented Approach to Adolescents

A

Dating?
Serious SO?
Questions/concerns about sexual activities, contraception, STIs or pregnancy?

35
Q

How to get answers of sexuality from teenagers?

A 
Open ended questions 
Range of sexual activity
Explicit questions
Sexual matters
Risk prevention
Condoms
Oral contraceptives, Depo-Provera, Patch
36
Q

Options for Adolescent Sex Life

A 
Dating behavior
Heavy petting
Masturbation
Mutual masturbation
Oral sex
Vaginal sex
Anal sex
37
Q

Sexual Orientation of Adolescents

A 
Homosexual
Bisexual
Transsexual
Straight
Gay
38
Q

STI’s and Adolescents

A 
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
HIV of concern
Chlamydia
HPV
Herpes
Trichomonas
39
Q

STIs and Prevention in Adolescents

A

Abstinence

Condoms

40
Q

Which STIs do condoms prevent most?

A

Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
HIV
Trichomonas

41
Q

Types of Sports Injuries

A 
Sprains
Fracture/dislocations
Lacerations
Contusions
Head injuries
Other injuries
Overuse
42
Q

Types of Eating Disorders

A

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

43
Q

Eating Disorder Statistics

A

90-95% female
Puberty related
Excel in Sports
Type A personality

44
Q

Co-morbid conditions with Eating Disorders

A

Rape

Depression

45
Q

Some Reasons for Eating Disorders

A 
Lower self esteem
Sense of personal ineffectiveness
Difficulty with causation, conflict resolution, separation of families
"Thin is best"
Popular
Over concern with bod shape
Calorie obsession
Age 15-20
46
Q

Red Flag of Eating Disorders

A

Weight loss >10% of previous weight in clinic

47
Q

Consider Anorexia When…

A

Refusal or inability to maintain weight
Intense fear of gaining weight
Distortion of perception of body
3 consecutive periods missed

48
Q

Physical Findings in Anorexia

A 
Hypothermia
Bradycardia
Bradypnea
Hypotension
BMI below 5th percentile
Russell's sign
Appear depressed
49
Q

Define Russell’s Sign

A

Erosions of inside of front teeth from vomiting

50
Q

Define Bulimia Nervosa

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, strict dieting
2 binge episodes/week for 3 months

51
Q

DSM-V Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

A

Restriction of energy intake
Intense fear of gaining weight
Disturbance in one’s body weight/shape

52
Q

Treatment of Eating Disorders

A

Team approach: pediatrician/internist, nutritionist, counselor
Long term plan: intense inpatient with maintenance

53
Q

Define Emancipated Minor

A 
Married
Living independently
Has children
Serves in military
Varies by state
54
Q

Define “Mature” Minor

A

Health provider’s assessment of an adolescents maturity to make their own health care decision
Generally age 15-16

55
Q

Title X of the Public Service Health Act

A

Must provide confidential family planning

Other funds: treatment for other sensitive health needs

Pediatrics (24 decks)

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