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Pediatrics > Development & Behavior > Flashcards

Development & Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Define Short Stature

A

Past age 2 years, height that is below 2.3%

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2
Q

Goal of Short Stature

A

Differentiate between benign & pathological etiologies

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3
Q

Diagnostic Approach to Short Stature

A

Thorough H&P
Growth curve velocity
Bone age determination

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4
Q

Familial Short Stature

A

Bone age = child’s age
Hx of parent being short
Genetic

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5
Q

Constitutional Growth Delay

A

Bone age

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6
Q

Most Important First Step in Newborn’s Life

A

Bonding with caregiver
Infants has not learned they are separate from caretaker
Physical contact = protection to baby

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7
Q

Bonding/Attachment Problems

A 
Mother ill
Single parent
No outside support for parents
Post-partum blues
Depression
Psychosis
Marital stress
Abuse
Not wanting baby
Too much "support"
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8
Q

Define Temper Tantrums

A

Consists of whining, screaming, crying and even throwing self to the floor

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9
Q

Why do toddlers have temper tantrums?

A 
Frustration
Learning to communicate
Easily overwhelmed
Overtired
Want their way
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10
Q

Four Goals of Misbehavior in Toddlers

A

Attention
Power
Revenge
Display of inadequacy

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11
Q

Management Tips to Parents for Avoid Temper Tantrums

A 
Avoid putting child in situations when tired or lots of stimulation
Easy choices between 2 things
Distract them
Ignore the tantrum
Warn of consequences
Tell them you love them not the behavior
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12
Q

When to Seek Help with Temper Tantrums

A

Parent uncomfortable with response or feelings
Parent gives in to child
Tantrums arouse bad feelings
Increasing frequency, intensity, or duration
Child hurts him/herself or others
Child is destructive
Child displays mood disorders

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13
Q

Potential Underlying Problems for Temper Tantrums

A

Hearing/vision problems
Chronic illness
Language delay
Learning disability

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14
Q

Tips for Temper Tantrums

A

Consider mental health of parent
Encourage teaching prosocial behavior/empathy
Educate about reinforcing positives

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15
Q

Chronic Aggressiveness Leads to:

A

Repeated failure in school
Frustrating & disappointing life
Emotional & physical pain

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16
Q

Studies Demonstrate that Abnormal Aggression Leads To:

A

Long-term aggressive behavior
Antisocial behavior
Early interventions key to preventing violent teens/adults

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17
Q

Prevention of Abnormal Aggression

A

Limit screen time
Intervene early
Consult medical & mental health professionals

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18
Q

Possible Causes of Aggressive Behavior

A 
Poor parenting
Abuse/neglect trauma
Brain damage
Genetic abnormalities
Other health problems
Marital problems
Family instability
Observation of aggression from peers/at home
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19
Q

Strong Warning Signs of Aggressive Behavior

A 
Cruelty to animals
Arson
Sexualized behavior
Aggressive behavior outside norm
Self-injury
Extreme non-compliance
Lack of behavior change with consequences
Evidence of psychosis
Lack of remorse or empathy
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20
Q

Possible Reasons for Biting

A 
Relieve pain from teething
Experience sensation of biting
Oral-motor stimulation
Imitate others
Get attention
Self-defense
Communicate needs & desires
Communicate feelings
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21
Q

Biting Management

A

Say “No biting, biting hurts.”
Comfort hurt child
Talk to biting child calmly

22
Q

What NOT to do with a biting child

A 
Avoid labeling as a biter
Don't bite child back
Avoid getting angry, yelling, or shaming
Avoid giving too much attention
Do not force biting and bitten child to play together
Don't punish biter
23
Q

What is the educational theme for parents with a biter?

A

Consistency

24
Q

Sleep Disturbances

A

Bedtime refusal or resistance
Delayed sleep onset
Prolonged night awakenings
Night terrors

25
Q

Intrinsic Factors to Sleep Disturbances

A 
Child's temperament
Medical issues
Circadian preference
Neurodevelopmental disabilities
Anxiety disorders
26
Q

Screening tool for Evaluating Sleep Disturbances

A 
BEARS
B- bedtime issues
E- excessive daytime sleepiness
A- night awakenings
R- regularity & duration of sleep
S- snoring
27
Q

Interventions for Sleep Disturbances

A 
Pattern
Same time
NO screen time prior
Systemic ignoring
Positive reinforcement
Parent education
28
Q

When do Night Terrors Occur?

A

First half of the night

29
Q

During a Night Terror, Child may

A 
Sit up in bed
Scream or shout
Kick and thrash
Sweat, breathe heavily, racing pulse
Heard to awaken
Inconsolable
Stare wide-eyes
Get out of bed & run around house
30
Q

Factors that Contribute to Sleep Terrors

A 
Sleep deprivation
Extreme tiredness
Stress
Fever
Unfamiliar surroundings
Light or noise
Overfull bladder
31
Q

Reasons to Evaluate Night Terrors

A 
Happening excessively
Daytime somnolence
Hurting self/others
Child afraid to go to sleep
Last beyond teen years
Follow the same pattern
32
Q

How to Evaluate Night Terrors

A

Sleep log
Sleep study
Use of benzodiazepams

33
Q

Toilet Training

A 
Must be ready
Neurologically mature
Regular bowel frequency
Avoid pressuring or punishments for accidents
Positive Reinforcement
Periods of regression with stressors
34
Q

Factors for Toilet Training Resistance

A 
Attempting training too early
Excessive parent-child conflict
Irrational fear/anxiety
Difficult temperament
Hard, painful stools
Exert independence
35
Q

Identify Children at Risk for Dental Disease

A 
Low SES
Prolonged breast or bottle feeding
Frequent consumption of sugary items
Prolonged use of slippy cup
Bottles at bed time
Passive smoke
Special health care needs
Insufficient fluoride exposure
Visible plaque
Enamel pits/defects
Non-nutritive sucking
36
Q

Prevention of Dental Caries

A

Early brushing
Fluoride
Flossing
Dental check ups

37
Q

What are you looking for during your visual assessment in an infant?

A 
Cataracts
Strabismus
Amblyopia
Retinoblastoma
Glaucoma
Asymmetric pupil
Unilateral ptosis
38
Q

Hearing Screenings in Newborns

A

Screen prior to discharge

39
Q

Define IQ

A

Statistically derived number reflecting the ratio of age-appropriate cognitive function and the child’s level of cognitive function

40
Q

Deficits in the Development of Intellectual Disability

A 
Language
Motor skills
Attention
Abstract reasoning
Visual-spatial skills
Academic or vocational achievement
41
Q

Multiple Causes of Intellectual Disability

A 
Chromosomal abnormalities
Fragile X syndrome
Monogenetic conditions
Structural CNS abnormalities
Complications of prematurity
Environmental or teratogenic causes
"Cultural-familial" mental retardation
Metabolic or endocrine causes
Unknown
42
Q

Treatment of Intellectual Disability

A

Speech and language therapy
Special education support
OT or PT
Behavioral therapy or counseling

43
Q

4 Types of Parenting

A

Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive/indulgent
Neglectful

44
Q

Define Authoritative Parenting

A

Boundaries
Calm in situations
Balance

45
Q

Define Authoritarian Parenting

A

Overboard
Rules/regulations
Rigid boundaries
Less flexible

46
Q

Define Permissive Parenting

A

Let kids do anything
Give them what they want
Children kind of run their own world

47
Q

Define Neglectful Parenting

A

Parents just don’t care

48
Q

Stressor that can alter school performance

A

New sibling
Divorce
Move to new location
Abuse

49
Q

Peer Relations of Children

A

Age 3-4 play together
Young children allowed to socialize
Child older- peers have greater influence

50
Q

Things that Affect a Child’s Behavior and Self-Esteem

A 
SES
Cultural beliefs
Number of siblings
Parenting
Presence of abuse
Extended family involved

Pediatrics (24 decks)

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