Immunizations Flashcards
Provides recommendations for vaccine administration
ACIP (advisory committee on immunization practices)
CDC publishes ACIP recommendations in…
MMWR, pink book
Thimerosal can be found in…
multidose flu vaccines
geltain is used in vaccines as a…
stabilizer
another word for antibody
immunoglobulin
immunity gained from infection or vaccine is an example of…
active immunity
which type of vaccine produces a strong immune response (does not require booster)
live attenuated
contraindication for live vaccines
immunocompromised, pregnant
type of vaccine that may require a booster
inactivated
What are the common live vaccines?
TB, dengue, smallpox, ebola, MICRO-VY (MMR, Intranasal influenza, cholera, rotavirus, oral typhoid, varicella, yellow fever)
example of polysaccharide vaccine
pneumovax 23
example of conjugate vaccine
prevnar 20, menactra
example of recombinant vaccine
gardasil, flubok quadrivalent
how does a polysaccharide vaccine work?
uses sugar molecule from outside layer of bacteria
how does a conjugate vaccine work?
joins sugar molecules to proteins to inc immune response
how does a recombinant vaccine work?
gene of organism is inserted into gene of another cell and gets replicated
how does a toxoid vaccine work?
targets toxin produced by disease
how does an mRNA vaccine work?
gives instruction to cell to produce proteins specific to pathogen
Gardrasil 9
Human papillomavirus vaccine
Flublok quadrivalent
Recombinant influenza vaccine
Prevnar 20
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Menactra
Meningitis conjugate
Pneumovax 23
Pneumococcal polysaccharide
A live vaccine can be given: a) simultaneously with inactivated vaccines b) 2 weeks after a different live vaccine c) four weeks after a different live vaccine
a,c
T/F: vaccines should be spaced out to allow time for immunity to build between vaccinations
F; should be given in least amount of trips to improve compliance
What is the affect of increasing the interval between doses of a vaccine series?
delay complete protection, but does not diminish effectiveness
antibody-containing products must be separated from…
MMR, varicella (2 weeks if vaccine first, 3 months if antibody first)
Most live vaccines are withheld until the child reaches what age and why?
12 months; mother’s antibodies should be depleted by then so they will have a better response to the vaccine
Which live vaccine may be given to infants?
rotavirus
What vaccine series starts at birth?
hepatitis B
Live vaccines may cause false-negatives on which test?
tuberculin skin test (PPD or tuberculosis test)
Inactivated vaccines (can/cannot) cause disease
cannot
HepB and HPV vaccines are contraindicated in
hypersensitivity to yeast
Contraindications for live attenuated flu vaccines
severe egg allergy, aspirin-containing products, recent influenza antivirals, 2-4yo with asthma or wheezing, close contact with immunosuppressed
varicella vaccine contraindication
gelatin or neomycin allergy
rotavirus contraindication
history of intussusception
yellow fever vaccine contraindication
egg allergy
which flu vaccine is live?
intranasal
Td or Tdap is given every
10 years
shingrix is given when
at 50 yo or 19 yo and immunocompromised
diabetics must have which vaccines
HepB, Pneumococcal
vaccines given SC only
yellow fever, dengue, smallpox, monkeypox
vaccines given only IM or SC
MMR, MMRV, varicella, PPSV23
vaccines given intranasal only
flumist
vaccines given only PO
typhoid, cholera, rotavirus
T/F: it is recommended to give the patient APAP before vaccine administration
F
which vaccines are stored in the freezer
varicella, MMRV, cholera oral
which patient should receive the DTap vaccine? a) 5 year old child with no issues, b) adult with last booster 5 years ago
a; capital “D” is for children <7yo bc contains higher diphtheria component
when is Td or Tdap indicated?
booster every 10y in adults (age 11-12 for teens), dirty wound prophylaxis, 3rd trimester of pregnancy, contact with infants or patients, 1 dose for children 7-10 yo with incomplete series
how many doses fro DTaP?
five
DTaP may be in a multi product formulation with…
Hib, HepB, IPV
indication for Hib-containing vaccine
asplenia
HPV vaccine contraindication
yeast allergy
what is the most common vaccine preventable illness in the US?
the flu
what patient population requires two doses of the flu vaccine?
6 mo. to 8 yrs (given 4 weeks apart)
fluzone high dose and fluad are indicated for
65 years or older
which flu vaccines are egg-free?
Flucelvax, Flublok
MMR vaccine can be be given with which other live vaccine?
varicella
how often should people at risk of menningicoccal disease be revaccinated?
every 5 years
what age group can receive Bexsero?
10-25 years (MenB)
where to store oral dose of typhoid vaccine
refrigerator (capsules)
