ID drugs Flashcards
aminoglycosides MOA
bind to ribosome (interfere with protein synthesis)
aminoglycosides coverage
gram negative, pseudomonas
aminoglycosides boxed warnings
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade, respiratory paralysis
aminoglycoside dosing is based on
weight
aminoglycoside dose opitmization is dependent on
concentration (less frequency but higher dosing to achieve higher peaks)
quinolones MOA
inhibit topo IV and DNA gyrase
quinolones coverage
gram negative and positive, atypicals
respiratory quinolones
levofloxacin, moxifloxacin (enhanced coverage of S. pneumoniae and atypicals
quinolones that cover pseudomonas
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
which quinolone should not be used in UTI
moxifoxacin bc it does not concentrate in the urine
which quinolone is not use in CAP
ciprofloxacin bc no strep pneumoniae coverage
preferred quinolone for MRSA skin infection
delafloxacin
quinolone boxed warnings
tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects (seizure)
quinolones can inc effect of
warfarin, sulfonylureas, insulin
major warnings for quinolones
QT prolongation, hypo/hyperglycemia
quinolone with no renal adjustments
moxifloxacin
macrolide MOA
bind 50S ribosomal subunit
macrolide coverage
atypicals, haemophilus influenzae
macrolide contraindication
cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction with prior use; clarithro/erythro-mycin with lovastatin or simvastatin
macrolide major warnings
QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity
macrolide SE
GI, ototoxicity, skin rxns
tetracycline MOA
bind 30S ribosomal subunit
tetracycline coverage
gram positive and negative, atypicals
vibramycin
doxycycline
doxycycline clincial pearl
no renal adjustments
Tetracycline warnings
bone deformation/teeth discoloration for <8y, photosensitivity
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim inhibits
folic acid pathway
bactrim coverage
broad gram negative, opportunistic
bactrim single strength
400/80
bactrim double strength
800/160
bactrim major side effects
photosensitivity, hyperkalemia, crystalluria
cdiff treatment
vancomycin 125 mg PO X10 days
major side effects of vancomycin
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
vancomycin goal trough
10-15; 15-20 if serious infection
vancomycin goal AUC:MIC
400-600
vancomycin is weight based. which weight is used?
total body weight
daptomycin odsing is dependent on
concentration (Cmax:MIC)
daptomycin warnings
myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (inc CPK)
why is daptomycin not used in pneumonia
inactivated by surfactants in lungs
linezolid MOA
50S subunit
linezolid major side effect
dec platelets
tigecycline spectrum
gram positive, gram negative, anaerobes, atypicals; not the 3 Ps (pseudomonas, proteus, providencia)
polymixins major side effect
nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity
chloramphenicol warning
gray syndrome
clindamycin boxed warning
c diff
metronidazole coverage
anaerobes, protozoal
metronidazole side effect
metallic taste
metronidazole interaction
alcohol (disulfiram like rxn)
fidaxomicin indication
c diff
rifaximin indication
traveler’s diarrhea, IBS with diarrhea, dec hepatic encephalopathy
macrobid dosing
100 mg bid X5 days
