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CHNN (IMMUNIZATION) > IMMUNIZATION (5) > Flashcards

IMMUNIZATION (5) Flashcards

cold chain - contraindications to immunization

1
Q

system for ensuring the potency of a vaccine from the time of manufacture to the time it is given to an eligible client

A

COLD CHAIN

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2
Q

person responsible for cold chain

A

cold chain officer

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3
Q

these are the cold chain equipment and supplies

A
  • freezer / refrigerator
  • transport box
  • vaccine bags / carriers
  • cold chain monitors
  • thermometers
  • cold packs (COLD DOGS)
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4
Q

OPV cold chain requirements

A
  • -15 to 25’c
  • stored in the freezer
  • in vaccine bags, it is placed in contact with cold packs.
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5
Q

other vaccines : measles, MMR, and Rotavirus vaccines cold chain requirements

A
  • +2 to +8’c
  • stored in the refrigerator
  • should be stocked neatly on SHELVES of ref
  • DO NOT stock at ref DOOR SHELVES
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6
Q

vaccines that are damaged by freezing

A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Pentavalent Vaccine
  • Rotavirus Vaccine
  • Tetanus Toxoid
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7
Q

( considerations to maintain potency )

  • you need to observe what policy?
A

first expiry-first out (FEFO) policy

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8
Q

how should you comply with the recommended duration of storage and transport?

A
  • health center with a refrigerator : duration of storage SHOULD NOT EXCEED ONE MONTH
  • transport boxes : vaccines can be kept only up to MAXIMUM OF 5 DAYS
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9
Q

a round disc of heat-sensitive material placed on a vaccine viral to register heat exposure.

A

VVM ( vaccine vial monitor )

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10
Q

( VVM )

  • direct relationship exists between rate of color change and temperature.
  • THE LOWER THE TEMPERATURE ___ ?
A

the slower the color change

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11
Q

( VVM )

  • direct relationship exists between rate of color change and temperature.
  • THE HIGHER THE TEMPERATURE ___ ?
A

the faster the color change

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12
Q

approach that can be used to determine If the biological should be used or discarded.

A

shake test

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13
Q

( shake test )

how can you determine if the biological can be used?

A
  • if the vial is smooth and cloudy immediately after shaking.
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14
Q

( shake test )

how can you determine if the biological can’t be used?

A
  • if it appears granular and not smooth, discard.
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15
Q

this policy states that a multi dose vial may be opened for one or two clients, if the health worker feels that a client cannot come back for the scheduled immnunization session.

A

open-vial policy of DOH

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16
Q

(BCG side effect)

  • an acute inflammatory reaction within 2-4 days after vaccination. usually indicates previous exposure to TB
A

Koch’s Phenomenon

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17
Q

what management can you do for koch’s phenomenon?

A

no management is needed.

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18
Q

(BCG side effect)

  • almost invariably due to subcutaneous or deeper injection.
A

deep abscess at vaccination site.

19
Q

what management can you do for a deep abscess at vaccination site?

A
  • refer to the physician for incision and drainage.
20
Q

(BCG side effect)

  • an ulcer which persists after 12wks from vaccination date
A

Indolent ulceration

21
Q

what management can you do for indolent ulceration?

A
  • treat with INH powder
22
Q

(BCG side effect)

  • enlargement of lymph glands draining the injection site.
A

Glandular enlargement

23
Q

what management can you do for glandular enlargement?

A
  • if suppuration occurs, treat as deep abscess
24
Q

what is the side effect of hepatitis B vaccine?

A
  • local soreness at the injection site. no treatment is necessary.
25
Q

(pentavalent vaccine side effect)

  • what management can you do when fever occurs?
A
  • advise parents to give antipyretic.
26
Q

(pentavalent vaccine side effect)

  • what management can you do when local soreness at the injection site occurs?
A
  • reassure parents that soreness will disappear after 3-4days
27
Q

(pentavalent vaccine side effect)

  • abscess after a week or more usually indicates what?
A
  • the injection was not deep enough or the needle was not sterile.
28
Q

(pentavalent vaccine side effect)

what management can you do if abscess occurs after a week or more?

A
  • incision and drainage may be necessary
29
Q

(pentavalent vaccine side effect)

  • very rare, may occur in children older than 3 months
  • caused by pertussis vaccine
A

convulsions

30
Q

what management can you do if convulsions occur after administration of pentavalent vaccine?

A
  • proper management of convulsions
  • pertussis vaccine should not be given anymore.
31
Q

what is the side effect of OPV?

A

none

32
Q

what are the side effects of anti-measles vaccine?

A
  • fever 5-7 days after vaccination
  • mild rash
33
Q

what management/s can you do for anti-measles vaccine side effects?

A
  • reassure parents
  • instruct to give antipyretic
34
Q

what are the side effects of MMR?

A
  • local soreness
  • fever
  • irritability
  • malaise
35
Q

what management/s can you do for MMR side effects?

A
  • reassure parents
  • instruct to give antipyretic
36
Q

what are the side effects of Rotavirus vaccine?

A
  • mild vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • fever
  • irritabilty
37
Q

what management/s can you do for Rotavirus vaccine side effects?

A
  • reassure parents
  • instruct to give antipyretic & oresol
38
Q

what are the side effects of tetanus toxoid?

A

local soreness at the injection site

39
Q

what management/s can you do for tetanus toxoid side effects?

A
  • apply cold compress at site.
40
Q

(absolute contraindications to EPI vaccines)

  • what vaccine should NOT BE administered to children over 5 years of age?
A

Pentavalent vaccine / DPT

41
Q

(absolute contraindications to EPI vaccines)

  • what vaccine should NOT BE administered to a child with recurrent convulsions or another active neurological disease of the CNS?
A

Pentavalent vaccine / DPT

42
Q

(absolute contraindications to EPI vaccines)

  • what vaccine should NOT BE administered to a child who has had convulsions or shock within 3 days of the most recent dose?
A

Pentavalent vaccine 2 or 3 / DPT 2 or 3

43
Q

(absolute contraindications to EPI vaccines)

  • what vaccine should NOT BE administered to a child who has symptoms of AIDS / other immune deficiency conditions / immunosuppressed?
A

BCG

44
Q

these are not absolute contraindications to EPI vaccines.

A

moderate fever, malnutrition, mild respiratory infection, cough, diarrhea, vomiting.

CHNN (IMMUNIZATION) (7 decks)

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