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CHNN (IMMUNIZATION) > IMMUNIZATION (2) > Flashcards

IMMUNIZATION (2) Flashcards

1
Q

( case definition )

  • any child who does not return to normal health after Measles or whooping cough.
  • loss of weight, cough, wheeze which does not respond to antibiotic therapy for acute respiratory disease.
A

tuberculosis

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2
Q

what is the agent of tuberculosis?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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3
Q

what is the reservoir of tuberculosis?

A
  • man
  • diseased cattle
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4
Q

these are the sources of infection for TB

A
  • droplet infection
  • inhalation of bacilli from patients
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5
Q

occurrence of TB

A
  • worldwide
  • mortality and morbidity higher in developing countries
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6
Q

transmissible period of TB

A
  • person who excretes tubercle bacilli is communicable
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7
Q

degree of communicability of TB

A
  • number of bacilli
  • virulence
  • overcrowding
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8
Q

duration of natural immunity of TB

A
  • not known.
  • reactivation of old infection commonly causes disease
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9
Q

risk factors for infection of TB

A
  • low access to care
  • immunodeficiency
  • malnutrition
  • alcoholism
  • diabetes
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10
Q

(case definition)

  • acute pharyngitis, acute nasopharyngitis, acute laryngitis with a pseudo membrane
A

diphtheria

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11
Q

what is the agent of diphtheria?

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

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12
Q

what is the reservoir of diphtheria?

A

man

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13
Q

this is the source of infection of diphtheria

A
  • respiratory droplets from carrier
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14
Q

occurence of diphtheria

A
  • worldwide
  • endemic in developing countries with unimmunized populations
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15
Q

transmissible period of diphtheria

A
  • 2-3 weeks
  • maybe shortened in patients with antibiotic treatment
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16
Q

diphtheria transmission is increased in?

A
  • schools
  • hospitals
  • households
  • crowded areas
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17
Q

duration of natural immunity of diphtheria

A
  • usually lifelong
18
Q

risk factors for infection of diphtheria

A
  • crowding
  • low socio-economic status
19
Q

(case definition)

  • any patient below 15yrs of age with acute flaccid paralysis (including those diagnosed to have Guillain-Barre Syndrome) for which no other cause can be immediately identified
A

Poliomyelitis (POLIO)

20
Q

what is the agent of polio?

A

poliovirus type 1,2,3

21
Q

what is the reservoir of polio?

A
  • man
  • mostly children
22
Q

sources of infection of polio

A
  • fecal-oral route
  • oral route through pharyngeal secretion
  • contact with infected person
23
Q

occurence of polio

A
  • cyclical
  • worldwide
  • morbidity and mortality higher in developing countries
24
Q

transmissible period of polio

A
  • 7-16 days before onset of symptoms
  • first few days after onset of symptoms
25
Q

duration of natural immunity of polio

A
  • type specific immunity lifelong
26
Q

risk factor for infection of polio

A
  • poor environmental hygiene
27
Q

(case definition)
- highly communicable disease
- generalized blotchy rash lasting for three or more days
- fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes/ conjuctivitis

A

Measles

28
Q

what is the agent of measles?

A

rubeola virus

29
Q

what is the reservoir of measles?

A
  • humans
30
Q

sources of infection of measles

A
  • close respiratory contact
  • aerosolized droplets
31
Q

occurence of measles

A
  • worldwide
  • mortality and morbidity higher in developing countries
32
Q

transmissible period of measles

A
  • 4 days bfor - 2 days after rash
33
Q

duration of natural immunity measles

A
  • lifelong after attack
34
Q

risk factor of infection for measles

A
  • crowding
  • low socio-economic status
35
Q

(case definition)
- history of severe cough
- cough persisting 2 or more weeks
- fits of coughing followed by vomiting

A

Pertussis

36
Q

what is the agent of pertussis?

A

bordetella pertussis

37
Q

what is the reservoir of pertussis?

A

man

38
Q

sources of infection of pertussis

A
  • direct contact with discharges from respiratory mucous membranes of infected person
  • airborne (droplets)
  • indirect contact with things freshly spoiled with discharged of infected
39
Q

occurence of pertussis

A
  • worldwide
  • morbidity higher in developing countries
40
Q

transmissible period of pertussis

A
  • highly communicable in early catarrhal stage, before paroxysmal cough
  • antibiotics may shorten period of communicability (7 days - 3 weeks) to ( 5-7 days onset aft therapy)
41
Q

duration of natural immunity of pertussis

A
  • usually lifelong
42
Q

risk factors of infection of pertussis

A
  • young age crowding

CHNN (IMMUNIZATION) (7 decks)

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