Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell And Molecular Bio Of Immune System > Immunity Against Infection I > Flashcards

Immunity Against Infection I Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give an example of a bacteria which is ec and depends on epithelial cell binding

A

Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which epithelial surface bacteria causes gonorrhoea and meningitis

A

Neisseria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which fungi causes oral candidiasis

A

Candida albicans (oral thrush)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name a few parasites

A

Trypanosoma

Worms

Protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does different effector response depend on

A

Localisation of pathogen (EC or ic)

Stage of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which 2 areas can viruses be seen

A

EC in fluid like blood - at early stage of infection

Or

Cytoplasmic intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give 2 examples of intracellular pathogens that live vesicular eg in macrophages

A

Leishmania and mycobacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can Protozoa be ic and EC

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which responses are important for extracellular pathogens like candida,streptococcus, viruses in early stages

A

Antibodies , complement, phagocytosis, epithelial adhesion block by iga, amps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are amps made for extracellular protection

A

Epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What responses are for ic cytoplasmic pathogens (viruses or Protozoa)

A

CD8 cells, NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which responses needed for vesicular intracellular pathogens like leishmania and mycobacterium

A

T cell/NK cell macrophage activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are NK cells part of innate along with barriers , amps and complement

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of pathogen needs th1 response and why

A

Vesicular pathogens - for macrophage activation

Cytoplasmic - for NK and CD8 activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of pathogen is th2 for

A

Extracellular, stimulates eosinophils granule release, mast cells histamine, antibody igE switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are th17 for extracellular pathogens/fungi like candida

A

Il17 causes chemotaxis of important cells like neutrophils and other inflammatory cells

17
Q

Which types of bacteria have thick peptidoglycan wall

A

Gram positive like streptococcus and staphylococcus

18
Q

How many types of TLR are there which stimulate innate response

A

10

19
Q

Which prr are intracellular

A

Nod like receptors

20
Q

Where are tlr located

A

On vesicles inside cells (for ic killing) or on cell surface (EC killing)

21
Q

What do Tlr do

A

Induce inflammation
Mature dendrites via danger signal (upregulate B7 and MHC)
Induce differentiation of T cells by determining cytokine release of apc

B cell ti 1 activation

22
Q

Can bacteria be ic and EC

A

Yes.

Mycobacterium are vesicular ic

Strep and neisseria on cell surface

23
Q

What protects bacteria from phagocytosis

A

Capsule

24
Q

What does streptococcus EC bacteria cause

A

Pneumonia and meningitis

25
Q

What does vaccine for strep include

A

23 diff polysaccharides strep has to produce diff antibodies specific for them

26
Q

Which vaccine for strep helps a TD response by B cells

A

Conjugate vaccines (for children under 2 don’t recognise the ti2 ag on strep)

27
Q

Which bacteria are killed by Mac in complement which is activated by antibodies igm and igG

A

Gram -ve like neisseria

28
Q

What is importance of antibodies in EC bacteria protection eg strep or neisseria

A

Opsonisation via fc receptors
Activation of complement and c3b opsonisation
Neutralise toxins eg tetanus
Prevent epithelial adhesion via iga

29
Q

What are you susceptible to without complement / if you have genetic defect in eg c3b or Mac

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea (EC cell surface, killed by Mac because gram -ve)

30
Q

When are bacteria most vulnerable to complement lysis

A

When dividing

31
Q

How do mycobacterium tb survive phagocytosis

A

Survive in macrophages (ic bacteria)

Prevent phagosome fusion with lysosome

32
Q

Although th1 are mostly important in ic pathogens. How are they important for EC too

A

Activate macrophages via ifny and cd40L signal

Better at antigen presenting eg to stimulate th2 response and also release cytokines

33
Q

What does mycobacterium leprae cause (IC)

A

Tuberculoid leprosy and lepromatous leprosy

34
Q

Why is tuberculoid leprosy slower in progression and low infect ivory

A

Th1 response

Allows activation of macrophages, NK and CD8 cells to kill mycobacterium intracellular

35
Q

why is lepromatous leprosy not effective in response

A

Th2 response. More ab and not effective for ic pathogens like mycobacterium

Low T cell responses

36
Q

What forms when th1 macrophages aren’t killing mycobacterium fast enough and they aggregate

A

Granulomas - necrotic area where infection isn’t cleared fast enough

37
Q

Do mycobacterium leprae stay alive in macrophages in lepromatous leprocy

A

Yes. They are not being killed by antibodies because they aren’t effective for ic pathogens

Cell And Molecular Bio Of Immune System (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions