Immunity

Question 1

Natural immunity

Answer 1

Immunity present at birth

Question 2

Acquired immunity

Answer 2

Develop through exposure to pathogens

Question 3

Characteristics of natural immunity

Answer 3

They are the first line of defence against pathogens

It’s not specific so the can destroy different pathogens

Question 4

What happens when the pathogens penetrates the first line of defence

Answer 4

The acquired immune response will be activated

Question 5

What happens during this second line of defence

Answer 5

The white blood cells destroy the pathogens and prevent Re- infections

Question 6

What type of immune response do plants have

Answer 6

They have natural immunity without white blood cells

Question 7

What happens a part of a plant is infected

Answer 7

The natural immune response is activated and chemical compounds like salicylic acid is released

This then act signals to move in the phloem throughout the plant and send signals to uninfected cells

Question 8

What happens when the plants shed signals to uninfected cells during a pathogen attack

Answer 8

The uninfected cells are stimulated to produce chemical defence that protect the uninfected cells from infections

Question 9

What happens when you you cough and sneeze

Answer 9

The pathogens or other irritants are expelled from the airways
This is a example of natural immune responses

Question 10

The washing action of tears and the mucus secreted by the respiratory tract

Answer 10

Its the trap Microorganisms

They are examples of natural immune response

Question 11

What happens when the first line of immunity

Like the actual second line of defence

Answer 11

The inflammation and fever

Question 12

Why must I get fever and inflammation

Answer 12

This prevents the multiplication and spread of pathogens

Question 13

How are the pathogens immediately destroyed or neutralized by the white blood cells

Answer 13

The white blood cells recognise the pathogens as foreign cells because once a certain pathogen enters the body the body can remember it

So the organisms have a antigen that the white blood cell remember and when it enters the bloodstream they can remember it and they can be destroyed

Question 14

The two leucocytes

Answer 14

• lymphocytes

- phagocytes

Question 15

B-lymphocytes

Answer 15

Detect the antigens and produce their own proteins to destroy the invaders

Question 16

Vaccination

Answer 16

An effective way of boosting active immunity

Question 17

Passive natural acquired immunity

Answer 17

Your moms antibodies transferred from mother to foetus and from mothers milk

Question 18

Active natural acquired immunity

Answer 18

Direct contact pathogens which stimulates the immune system to produce anti bodies

Question 19

Artificial passive acquired immunity

Answer 19

The body is injected with antibodies that were produced in the another, which provides immediate protection against a specific antigen

Question 20

Active artificially acquired immunity

Answer 20

The body is vaccinated with dead or weakened form of a pathogen , which stimulated the immune system to produce antibodies

Question 21

What are antibiotics

Answer 21

Destroy bacteria

They are obtained from moulds (fungi)

Question 22

How do antibiotics work

Answer 22

By destroying the structure of the bacterium

By weakening the cell wall, by damaging the cell membrane

Question 23

How do bacteria become resistant

Answer 23

Through mutations,they develop the ability to survive doses of antibiotics that would normally prove deadly
Also through rapid reproduction through binary fission

Question 24

Reasons development of resistance

Answer 24

Incorrect antibiotic treatment

Unnecessary use of antibiotics