Immunity Flashcards
Natural immunity
Immunity present at birth
Acquired immunity
Develop through exposure to pathogens
Characteristics of natural immunity
They are the first line of defence against pathogens
It’s not specific so the can destroy different pathogens
What happens when the pathogens penetrates the first line of defence
The acquired immune response will be activated
What happens during this second line of defence
The white blood cells destroy the pathogens and prevent Re- infections
What type of immune response do plants have
They have natural immunity without white blood cells
What happens a part of a plant is infected
The natural immune response is activated and chemical compounds like salicylic acid is released
This then act signals to move in the phloem throughout the plant and send signals to uninfected cells
What happens when the plants shed signals to uninfected cells during a pathogen attack
The uninfected cells are stimulated to produce chemical defence that protect the uninfected cells from infections
What happens when you you cough and sneeze
The pathogens or other irritants are expelled from the airways
This is a example of natural immune responses
The washing action of tears and the mucus secreted by the respiratory tract
Its the trap Microorganisms
They are examples of natural immune response
What happens when the first line of immunity
Like the actual second line of defence
The inflammation and fever
Why must I get fever and inflammation
This prevents the multiplication and spread of pathogens
How are the pathogens immediately destroyed or neutralized by the white blood cells
The white blood cells recognise the pathogens as foreign cells because once a certain pathogen enters the body the body can remember it
So the organisms have a antigen that the white blood cell remember and when it enters the bloodstream they can remember it and they can be destroyed
The two leucocytes
- lymphocytes
- phagocytes
B-lymphocytes
Detect the antigens and produce their own proteins to destroy the invaders
Vaccination
An effective way of boosting active immunity
Passive natural acquired immunity
Your moms antibodies transferred from mother to foetus and from mothers milk
Active natural acquired immunity
Direct contact pathogens which stimulates the immune system to produce anti bodies
Artificial passive acquired immunity
The body is injected with antibodies that were produced in the another, which provides immediate protection against a specific antigen
Active artificially acquired immunity
The body is vaccinated with dead or weakened form of a pathogen , which stimulated the immune system to produce antibodies
What are antibiotics
Destroy bacteria
They are obtained from moulds (fungi)
How do antibiotics work
By destroying the structure of the bacterium
By weakening the cell wall, by damaging the cell membrane
How do bacteria become resistant
Through mutations,they develop the ability to survive doses of antibiotics that would normally prove deadly
Also through rapid reproduction through binary fission
Reasons development of resistance
Incorrect antibiotic treatment
Unnecessary use of antibiotics
