Immunity

Question 0

What is an antigen?

Answer 0

A molecule on surface of all cell that causes an immune response.

Question 1

What is an antibody?

Answer 1

It is a Y shaped protein, released by white blood cells. It attaches to antigens an destroys them.

Question 2

How does vaccination make you immune to a disease?

Answer 2

1. The vaccine contains dead weakened pathogens.
2. White blood cells detect foreign antigens on the pathogens.
3. White blood cells produce specific antibodies.
4. Antibodies attach to the antigen and destroy the pathogen.
5. If the same pathogen enters the body again the white blood cells respond rapidly producing antibodies to destroy the pathogen before it makes you feel ill.

Question 3

Why is it important to vaccinate most people?

Answer 3

If a large percentage of a population are vaccinated it is difficult for the disease to spread.

Question 4

What is an antitoxin?

Answer 4

This is a chemical released by white blood cells;it neutralises any toxins released by bacteria.

Question 5

Give an example of one bacterial and one viral disease which cab be immunised against.

Answer 5

Bacterial- tetanus

Viral- measles and mumps

Question 6

What are the advantages of vaccination?

Answer 6

Protects individual and society from serious diseases which may cause death.

Question 7

What are the disadvantages of vaccinations?

Answer 7

May cause side effects in a few people.

Question 8

Why is it necessary to develop new medicines?

Answer 8

Some pathogens are resistant to drugs. New pathogens arise by mutation.