Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Coordination And Control > Flashcards

Coordination And Control Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are stimuli?

A

Changes in the environment that is detected by receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What detect stimuli

A

Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the receptors found and give examples

A

In the sense organs ie. eye, ear, nose , tongue and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is light sent to the brain?

A

Light stimulates receptors in the eye and electrical impulses then pass to the brain along neurones (nerve cells).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stimuli are detected by the sense organs?

A

Sound, light, chemicals, temperature changes, touch and pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nervous systems made up of the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the sensory neurones do?

A

They carry the impulses from receptors to the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the motor neurones do?

A

Motor neurones carry impulses from the CNS to the effector organs which may be muscles or glands. The muscles respond by contracting. The glands respond by secreting chemicals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are electrical impulses passed?

A

They are passed to the brain along neurones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is are reflex actions?And what do they do?

A

They are rapid automatic responses to a stimulus. They protect us from damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the steps involved in a reflex action-

A
  1. A receptor detects a stimulus (eg. A sharp pain)
  2. A sensory neurone transmits the impulse to the CNS
  3. A relay neurone passes the impulse on, the chemical, neurotransmitter is released at the synapse that causes the nerve impulses to be sent along to the motor neurone.
  4. The impulse is passed on to an effector (muscle or gland)
  5. The action is taken (response)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of reflexes:

A

Crying, coughing, sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of a relay neurone?

A

It links the sensory and motor neurone together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are nerve cells specialised for their functions?

A

They are long and allow it to send messages, responses and feelings though the whole body. They are also branched out at the end for better communication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define synapse.

A

A junction between 2 neurones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define sensory neurone.

A

This carries the nerve impulse from the receptor to the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define motor neurone.

A

Carried the nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why are reflexes important?

A

They protect the body by avoiding danger or damage, to control bodily functions without the need for conscious thought eg. Breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is it important that the impulses in a reflex arc do not go to the conscious brain?

A

They need to be very quick to avoid danger, so the shorter the distance they have to travel ,the quicker you’ll react.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flow chart of the reflex action:

A

Stimulus>receptor>sensory neurone>synapse>chemical message>relay neurone>synapse>chemical message>motor neurone>effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define FSH and it’s job

A

Follicle stimulating hormone. FSH is made by the pituitary gland and causes an egg to mature and oestrogen to be produced.

21
Q

Define oestrogen and it’s job

A

Oestrogen is produced by the ovaries and inhibits (stops) the further production of FSH. It stimulates the productions of LH and also stimulates the womb lining to develop to receive the fertilised egg.

22
Q

Define LH and it’s job

A

Luteinising hormone is made by the pituitary gland and stimulates the mature egg to be released from the ovary (ovulation).

23
Q

Which hormones are made in the pituitary gland?

A

FSH and LH

24
Q

What is a hormone?

A

Hormones are chemical substances secreted by glands that coordinate many processes in your body.

25
Q

Why does the womb lining build up each month?

A

So that it would be ready to support the developing embryo if an egg was fertilised.

26
Q

Which hormone controls the build up lining of the uterus?

A

Oestrogen

27
Q

What do high levels of oestrogen do?

A

They stop FSH from being released from the pituitary gland and trigger LH to be released.

28
Q

LH causes what to be released from the corpus luteum inside the ovary?

A

Progesterone

29
Q

High levels of this hormone keep the ________ lining in place. It also prevents ______ from being released so that no new __________ develop. If there is no pregnancy the corpus luteum shrinks and the levels of___________ fall. This causes the uterus lining to be shed.

A

Uterus
FSH
Follicles
Progesterone

30
Q

What is the corpus luteum and what does it do?

A

It is the yellow body , it is like a sac which the egg breaks out from. It produces progesterone and oestrogen which are the 2 hormones necessary to maintain a healthy pregnancy.

31
Q

What does the birth control pill contain and what’s it’s job?

A

The oral contraceptive contains oestrogen and progesterone to inhibit the production of FSH so no eggs mature. And so that ovulation does not occur.

32
Q

What happens if a woman is infertile?

A

She is given FSH and LH to mature and stimulate ovulation.

33
Q

Give advantages of the contraceptive.

A

It reduces acne
It is a reliable birth control method
Reduces pms
Allows women to regulate their fertility.

34
Q

Give disadvantages of the contraceptive.

A

It has small side effects
Doesn’t protect you from stds
Has to be taken every day to be effective

35
Q

Describe the method of ivf

A
  1. Women is given FSH to stimulate eggs to mature in the ovary.
  2. The women is given LH to trigger ovulation and then the eggs are extracted.
  3. Sperm sample from the male is added to the eggs enabling fertilisation to take place.
  4. The fertilised egg divides several times. The embryo is then implanted into the uterus.
  5. Woman is given progesterone to promote the uterus lining to thicken.
36
Q

Give disadvantages of IVF

A 
Multiple births
Premature delivery
Miscarriage
Birth defects
Ovarian cancer
Drug reactions
Ectopic pregnancy (  embryo implants in fallopian tube)
37
Q

What are the internal conditions that are controlled?

A

Water content
Ion content
Temperature
Blood sugar levels

38
Q

How is water lost in the body?

A

Sweating
Breathing
Urine

39
Q

Why is it important to control our body temperature?

A

So that the enzymes will work properly

40
Q

Where in the body is our blood sugar level controlled by?

A

The pancreas

41
Q

What are plants sensitive to?

A

Light
Gravity
Moisture

42
Q

What is the response when plants grow light?

A

Phototropism

43
Q

What is the response when plants grow downs to gravity?

A

Gravitropism

44
Q

What is auxin

A

The hormone which controls phototropism and gravitropism.

45
Q

What happens if the plant has unequal auxin?

A

It causes unequal growth this results in bending of the shoot or root.

46
Q

What can be useful to kill weed?

A

Plant growth hormones can be used as weed killers and stimulate root growth.

47
Q

What are the benefits of women taking hormones?

A

Contraceptives prevent unwanted pregnancies. Allows couples to plan their family. Gives women control over her life. Fertility drugs in ivf allow infertile women to have babies

48
Q

What are the ethical concerns about fertility drugs?

A

Much older women use them

49
Q

Why do plant shoots bend towards light?

A

The growth hormone auxin causes the side of the shoot away from the light to grow more so it becomes longer.

50
Q

Explain the pathway of a reflex action when touching something hot.

A

Heat (stimuli) detected by temperature receptors in the skin
Impulses travel along the sensory neurone to the CNS
Chemical transmission across synapse via relay neurone.
Impulses to the muscle via motor neurone
Muscle contracts moving the hand away.

51
Q

Some people have a condition in which information from the skin does not reach the brain. Explain why this is dangerous for the person.

A

Brain/ person not being aware and therefore can’t feel anything therefore there is a possibility of a serious damage being done.

Biology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions