Immunity Flashcards
immune response
protection from disease
nonspecific responses
phagocytosis, inflammation
specific responses
production of specific antibodies against foreign substances
antigens - self
immune system ignores
antigens - nonself
immune system recognizes as foreign
development of a specific response to that antigen
memory cells produced to respond quickly to antigen
macrophages
everywhere in body
initiate immune response
engulf foreign material
chemicals secreted by macrophages
monotones, interleukins
T lymphocytes
from bone marrow stem cells
further differentiation in thymus
cell mediated immunity
cytotoxic T killer cells
kill antigen immediately
helper T cells
activate more response and cells
memory T cells
remember the antigen
B lymphocytes
mature in bone marrow
produce antibodies
humoral immunity
plasma cells
produce antibodies
B memory cells
can quickly form clone of plasma cells
humoral immunity
antibody proteins in blood
B lymphocytes
defense against EXTRAcellular
cell mediated immunity
phagocytic cells
T lymphocytes
defense against INTRAcellular
IgG
most common in blood
antibacterial
crosses placenta
IgM
bound to B lymphocytes
1st to increase in immune system
involved in ABO type incompatibility rxn
IgA
in secretions
tears, saliva, mucous membranes, colostrum
IgE
allergic response
bind to mast cells
releases histamine
inflammation
IgD
attached to B cells
activates B cells
chemical mediators
inflammation and immune responses
histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines
complement system
group of inactive proteins circulating in blood
causes cell damage and further inflammation
activated with IgG or IgM
active natural immunity
direct exposure (infection)
antibodies are produced
active artificial immunity
immunization
antigen introduced to body - stimulates antigen production
passive natural immunity
breastfeeding
IgG transferred from mother to fetus
passive artificial immunity
injection of antibodies
short term protection
primary response
1st exposure to antigen
T lymphocytes and creation of B memory cells
secondary response
repeat exposure to same antigen wit higher antibody response
B memory cells kick in for rapid response
vaccine boosters
