Immunity Flashcards
Immunity
Is a physiologic process that provides an individual with protection or defense disease
Acquired immunity
Produced by prior exposure or antibody production
Requires exposure
Innate immunity
What you are born with
Active immunity (immune response)
Produced by antibodies that develop in response to antigens
MY BODY IS DOING THE FIGHTING
Naturally acquired immunity (apart of ACTIVE immunity)
Develops after exposure to antigens in environment
Ex. Catching the flu, acquiring antibodies, catching the flu again but not getting it as bad
Induced ACTIVE immunity
Develops after administration of antigen to prevent disease
Ex i get the flu vaccine
Passive immunity
Produced by transfer of antibodies from another person
SOMETHING ELSE IS DOING THE FIGHTING
Induced passive immunity
Conferred by administration of antibodies to combat infection
Ex. Covid patients getting antibodies from other people who had covid to help fight it.
Natural passive immunity
Conferred by transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta
Ex breast milk!! (The only way to get natural passive immunity)
What is a vital resource to immunity?
NUTRITION!!
What will nutrition help?
Innate immunity (natural)
Anti inflammation
Anti aging (foods high in collagen)
Anti cancer
What your immunity should look like if you are healthy
Normal WBC- our blood count look like the way they should
Negative bacterial and viral cultures
Soft, non tender lymph nodes
Recognition of self
Recognition of foreign proteins
Psychological, social and environmental
Patients who are isolated, financial stresses,mistreatment (are they being deprived of food), hospitalization, change in life style
Oral and dental disorders
Poorly fitted dentures, mouth dryness, poor dental status, taste disorders, oral mucosa disorders
Swallowing disorders
Dysphagia
Psychiatric disorders
Eating disorders, depressive disorders
Changes in mental status
Confusion
Other neurological disorders
Stroke
Long term drug therapy/ poly medication
Loss of apetite, dry mouth, drowsiness
Acute/chronic diseases
Pain, constipation, disability
Dependency of ADLS
Need assistance with cooking, eating, mobility
Restrictive diets
Physician order diets or slimming diet
Why do you have to be careful when it comes to slimming diets?
We have to learn to balance out everything because our bodies need carbs
What happens when you are strict about what you eat?
It can cause immunodeficiency disorders
Antigens
Proteins that induce an immune response when they enter the body.
Where cab antigens be found?
Microorganisms
Vaccines
Transplanted organs
Allergens (animal dander, pollen, foods)
What are some localized signs and symptoms?
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Loss of function
What are some Systemic signs and symptoms
Fever
Increased white blood cells
Malaise
Anorexia
Nausea/vomiting
Lymph node tenderness/enlargements
Organ failure
Inflammatory response
Inflammation is a non specific response to something that is harmful to the body (infection,injury,allergen)
Is not specific!
What is the response for chronic inflammation?
Cause of inflammation remains active
Tissue destruction continues
Scar tissue may continue to form rather than normal functional tissue
Response to infections is in adequate
Patient experiences chronic symptoms (pain)
When does an allergic response happen?
Hypersensitive immune reaction to a substance that normally is harmless or would not cause an immune response in everyone
What kind of allergic response can happen?
Mild
Life threatening
What is released during an allergic response?
Histamine.
What does the body produce during an allergic response?
Antibody to the substance to try to fight it off
What does the histamine cause in our bodies?
It can cause us to feel stuffy like seasonal allergies
What are factors that can increase host susceptibility to infection?
Developmental
Breaks in the first line of defense
Illness or injury/chronic disease
Smoking
Substance abuse
Multiple sex partners
Environmental factors
Invasive procedures
Suppressed immune system medications
Why does our developmental status increase host susceptibility to infection?
Very young- not a mature immune system , infants can’t have honey
And the very old(chronic diseases, frail teeth)
What kind of breaks in the first line of defense can occur?
If there is a cut or open in the skin it is an opening for bacteria to come in
What are some examples of the first line of defense?
Skin, oral mucosa, vaginal cavity, anal cavity
If we have chronic diseases
We are more than likely to have a poor immune response
Like heart failure
Why does smoking increase host susceptibility to infection?
There are a lot of carcinogens in nicotine and introducing that into lungs and it can create an environment for things to grow
Malnutrition
Infections are frequent and chronic in malnutrition
Protien- energy malnutrition results in thymus changes
Micronutrients deficiency affects innate and adaptive immune response
