Immunisations

Question 1

Aim of vaccinations

Answer 1

control of communicable diseases.

Question 2

3 immunological mechanisms

Answer 2

Active immunity
Passive immunity
Herd immunity

Question 3

2 examples of passive immunity:

Answer 3

mother to unborn baby (via placenta)

Another person or animal (e.g. blood donor)

Question 4

Herd immunity

Answer 4

Protect unvaccinated individuals, through having sufficiently large proportion of population vaccinated.

Question 5

spread of infection can be slowed or … The unimmunised can be …. protected.

Answer 5

Prevented

Indirectly

Question 6

Diptheria features

Answer 6

URTI (sore throat, low grade fever)
Wgite adherent membrane on tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity
Caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae

Question 7

5in1 vaccine covers

Answer 7

Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
HaemInfluenzaetype b (Hib)

Question 8

Meningococcal Disease (Neisseria meningitidis) causes

Answer 8

Meningitis (35%)
Septicaemia (30%)
Men&Sept (20%)
Spread by resp droplets

Question 9

Vaccination for Meningococcal disease

Answer 9

serogroup C

Question 10

elimination of disease

Answer 10

reduction to zero of incidence of disease in specific geographical area

Question 11

eradication of disease

Answer 11

permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory

Question 13

Barriers to polio eradication

Answer 13

cultural beliefs and programme failures (pakistan, afghnaistan, Nigeria)
re-emergence associated with conflict (ukraine, syria)
Sustaining global priority/attention

Question 14

Majority of Malaria related deaths

Answer 14

90% in sub-saharan africa

Question 15

Most cost effective health investment?

Answer 15

Immunisations (averts over 2 million deaths/ year)