Immunisation Flashcards
What is an example of artificial active immunisation?
Vaccinations
What is an example of natural active immunisation?
Normal process of a pathogen within the body and the creation of antibodies against it
What is natural passive immunisation?
Passing of IgA antibodies over breastmilk or placental transfer
What is natural active immunisation?
Injected antibodies
What is a live attenuated vaccine?
Virus which has lost its virulence is injected so that Ab can be made against it
Name 4 conditions which a live attenuated vaccine is given for
MMR
BCG
Typhoid
Rotavirus
What are the issues with giving live attenuated vaccines?
Needs to be kept at a certain temperature
Complications in immunocompromised patients
What is a conjugate vaccine?
Used for bacterial infections.
Attach the antigen to a polysaccharide carrier protein
Name 3 conditions which a conjugate vaccine is given for
Hep A
HiB
HPV
What are the contraindications to vaccinations?
Acutely ill Severe reaction to previous dose Fever >39.5 within 48 hours Anaphylaxis Convulsion within 72 hours
How many injections are given at 2 months old?
2 injections
What are the injections at 2 months for?
1- pneumococcal
2- diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and Hib (5 in 1)
How many injections are given at 3 months old?
2
What are the injections at 3 months for?
5-in-1 booster
MenC
How many injections at 4 months?
3 injections
What are the injections at 4 months for?
5 in 1 booster
Men C
pneumococcal
Repeat of all vaccines so far
When is the next vaccine due, after 4 months?
Within a month of 1st birthday
What vaccines are given at 12 months?
Booster of 5-in-1, MenC and pneumococcal
When is the MMR given?
3 and a half to 5 years
Where is the immunisation history kept?
Green book
How does a diphtherial infection present?
URTI with sore throat and low grade fever.
White mucous on tonsils
What bacteria causes a diphtheria infection?
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Is Corynebacterium a gram positive or negative?
Positive.
Pink!
What is the main condition caused by HiB?
Meningitis and septicaemia
Which sero-group is most dangerous for meningococcal disease?
B
Which vaccination protects against TB?
BCG
What is the definition of eradication?
permanent reduction to zero of worldwide incidence
What is the definition of elimination?
Reduction to zero of a disease in a geographical area
