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Child Health > General Practice > Flashcards

General Practice Flashcards

1
Q

When is the first time the GP meets baby?

A

2 month vaccine

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2
Q

When is the first time the GP meets baby?

A

2 month vaccine

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3
Q

What happens at the 6-8 week screen?

A 
Development check
Feeding check
Parental concerns addressed
Physical exam
ID check
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4
Q

What kinds of things are checked in the physical exam?

A

Length, weight, heart, hips, eyes, genitalia

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5
Q

What is a neonate?

A

Until 4 weeks

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6
Q

What is an infant?

A

4/52 - 52/52

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7
Q

Why would you be concerned if an infant looked pale?

A

Infants have higher Hb levels (12) and are not usually pale.

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8
Q

How does respiratory distress present in children?

A

Intercostal and subcostal undraping

Accessory muscle use

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9
Q

If central cyanosis is present in the lips what must the O2 sats be?

A

under 80%

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10
Q

What is acrocyanosis?

A

Blu-ish discolouration of hands and feet when newborn is pink.
Normal.

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11
Q

Some babies are born jaundice. What is the pathology behind this?

A

Can be normal.

Impossible to distinguish normal from pathological.

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12
Q

What weight is normal for newborns?

A

Over 2500g (5.5lbs)

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13
Q

What gestation is classed as pre-term?

A

Before 37 weeks

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14
Q

What gestation is classed as post-term?

A

After 42 weeks

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15
Q

What clinical assessment is made immediately after birth?

A

APGAR score

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16
Q

What is measured within the APGAR score?

A 
HR
Respiratory effort
Muscle tone
Reflex
Colour
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17
Q

What is a normal APGAR score?

A

8-10

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18
Q

What is vernix?

A

Cheesy-white substance over the baby when born

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19
Q

What skin lesions are worrying?

A

Blisters or bullae

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20
Q

What needs to be examined on baby’s head?

A

Head shape

Fontanelles for swellings or sinkings

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21
Q

What is examined in the eyes?

A

Jaundice in sclera
Normal movement
Red eye reflex through opthalmascope

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22
Q

What happens at the 6-8 week screen?

A 
Development check
Feeding check
Parental concerns addressed
Physical exam
ID check
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23
Q

What kinds of things are checked in the physical exam?

A

Length, weight, heart, hips, eyes, genitalia

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24
Q

What is a neonate?

A

Until 4 weeks

25
Q

What is an infant?

A

4/52 - 52/52

26
Q

Why would you be concerned if an infant looked pale?

A

Infants have higher Hb levels (12) and are not usually pale.

27
Q

How does respiratory distress present in children?

A

Intercostal and subcostal undraping

Accessory muscle use

28
Q

If central cyanosis is present in the lips what must the O2 sats be?

A

Less than 80%

29
Q

What is acrocyanosis?

A

Blu-ish discolouration of hands and feet when newborn is pink.
Normal.

30
Q

Some babies are born jaundice. What is the pathology behind this?

A

Can be normal.

Impossible to distinguish normal from pathological.

31
Q

What weight is normal for newborns?

A

Over 2500g (5.5lbs)

32
Q

What gestation is classed as pre-term?

A

Before 37 weeks

33
Q

What gestation is classed as post-term?

A

After 42 weeks

34
Q

What clinical assessment is made immediately after birth?

A

APGAR score

35
Q

What is measured within the APGAR score?

A 
HR
Respiratory effort
Muscle tone
Reflex
Colour
36
Q

What is a normal APGAR score?

A

8-10

37
Q

What is vernix?

A

Cheesy-white substance over the baby when born

38
Q

What skin lesions are worrying?

A

Blisters or bullae

39
Q

What needs to be examined on baby’s head?

A

Head shape

Fontanelles for swellings or sinkings

40
Q

What is examined in the eyes?

A

Jaundice in sclera
Normal movement
Red eye reflex through opthalmascope

41
Q

By what age in children are HR, RR and BP the same as adults?

A

12

42
Q

What can be said about the surface area:volume ratio in children?

A

High

43
Q

Bronchiolitis is the most common presentation. How is treated?

A

Supportive treatment

44
Q

What virus causes bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

45
Q

What needs to be taken into consideration when thinking about IV fluids or transfusions?

A

Blood volume is much smaller in infants so needs to be calculated carefully

46
Q

What type of bacteria is the common cause for sepsis?

A

Gram negatives e.g. strep B

47
Q

What is croup?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

48
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Inhaled steroid treatment

49
Q

What are the symptoms of croup?

A

Barking cough
Sore throat
Stridor

50
Q

Children with what condition are more susceptible to pneumonias?

A

Cystic fibrosis

51
Q

What is the tumbler test?

A

A meningococcal rash will not disappear under a glass

52
Q

What kind of fit is associated with asystole?

A

reflex anoxic seizures

53
Q

What is the treatment for gastroenteritis?

A

Fluid resuscitation

54
Q

Which bacteria is the most common cause for a UTI in children?

A

E. Coli

55
Q

When do headaches become concerning? (5)

A 
Headache on waking
Worse on coughing or bending
Associated vomiting
Visual disturbance
Gait disturbance
56
Q

What is the most common heart murmur in children?

A

Innocent heart murmur

57
Q

What type of immunologically mediated reaction is a food allergy?

A

Type 1

58
Q

What is the mean number of respiratory infections per year for a child under 2?

A

3 to 6

Child Health (6 decks)

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