General Practice Flashcards
When is the first time the GP meets baby?
2 month vaccine
When is the first time the GP meets baby?
2 month vaccine
What happens at the 6-8 week screen?
Development check Feeding check Parental concerns addressed Physical exam ID check
What kinds of things are checked in the physical exam?
Length, weight, heart, hips, eyes, genitalia
What is a neonate?
Until 4 weeks
What is an infant?
4/52 - 52/52
Why would you be concerned if an infant looked pale?
Infants have higher Hb levels (12) and are not usually pale.
How does respiratory distress present in children?
Intercostal and subcostal undraping
Accessory muscle use
If central cyanosis is present in the lips what must the O2 sats be?
under 80%
What is acrocyanosis?
Blu-ish discolouration of hands and feet when newborn is pink.
Normal.
Some babies are born jaundice. What is the pathology behind this?
Can be normal.
Impossible to distinguish normal from pathological.
What weight is normal for newborns?
Over 2500g (5.5lbs)
What gestation is classed as pre-term?
Before 37 weeks
What gestation is classed as post-term?
After 42 weeks
What clinical assessment is made immediately after birth?
APGAR score
What is measured within the APGAR score?
HR Respiratory effort Muscle tone Reflex Colour
What is a normal APGAR score?
8-10
What is vernix?
Cheesy-white substance over the baby when born
What skin lesions are worrying?
Blisters or bullae
What needs to be examined on baby’s head?
Head shape
Fontanelles for swellings or sinkings
What is examined in the eyes?
Jaundice in sclera
Normal movement
Red eye reflex through opthalmascope
What happens at the 6-8 week screen?
Development check Feeding check Parental concerns addressed Physical exam ID check
What kinds of things are checked in the physical exam?
Length, weight, heart, hips, eyes, genitalia
What is a neonate?
Until 4 weeks
What is an infant?
4/52 - 52/52
Why would you be concerned if an infant looked pale?
Infants have higher Hb levels (12) and are not usually pale.
How does respiratory distress present in children?
Intercostal and subcostal undraping
Accessory muscle use
If central cyanosis is present in the lips what must the O2 sats be?
Less than 80%
What is acrocyanosis?
Blu-ish discolouration of hands and feet when newborn is pink.
Normal.
Some babies are born jaundice. What is the pathology behind this?
Can be normal.
Impossible to distinguish normal from pathological.
What weight is normal for newborns?
Over 2500g (5.5lbs)
What gestation is classed as pre-term?
Before 37 weeks
What gestation is classed as post-term?
After 42 weeks
What clinical assessment is made immediately after birth?
APGAR score
What is measured within the APGAR score?
HR Respiratory effort Muscle tone Reflex Colour
What is a normal APGAR score?
8-10
What is vernix?
Cheesy-white substance over the baby when born
What skin lesions are worrying?
Blisters or bullae
What needs to be examined on baby’s head?
Head shape
Fontanelles for swellings or sinkings
What is examined in the eyes?
Jaundice in sclera
Normal movement
Red eye reflex through opthalmascope
By what age in children are HR, RR and BP the same as adults?
12
What can be said about the surface area:volume ratio in children?
High
Bronchiolitis is the most common presentation. How is treated?
Supportive treatment
What virus causes bronchiolitis?
RSV
What needs to be taken into consideration when thinking about IV fluids or transfusions?
Blood volume is much smaller in infants so needs to be calculated carefully
What type of bacteria is the common cause for sepsis?
Gram negatives e.g. strep B
What is croup?
Laryngotracheobronchitis
What is the treatment for croup?
Inhaled steroid treatment
What are the symptoms of croup?
Barking cough
Sore throat
Stridor
Children with what condition are more susceptible to pneumonias?
Cystic fibrosis
What is the tumbler test?
A meningococcal rash will not disappear under a glass
What kind of fit is associated with asystole?
reflex anoxic seizures
What is the treatment for gastroenteritis?
Fluid resuscitation
Which bacteria is the most common cause for a UTI in children?
E. Coli
When do headaches become concerning? (5)
Headache on waking Worse on coughing or bending Associated vomiting Visual disturbance Gait disturbance
What is the most common heart murmur in children?
Innocent heart murmur
What type of immunologically mediated reaction is a food allergy?
Type 1
What is the mean number of respiratory infections per year for a child under 2?
3 to 6
