immune system components

Question 1

immune cell response types - broadly, divided by how they work

Answer 1

innate immune response, adaptive immune response

Question 2

humoral immune response - broad definition

Answer 2

immune response from serum antibodies; a type of adaptive response

Question 3

2 broad subtypes of white blood cells, and why are they so named

Answer 3

myeloid (bone marrow) derived cells
lymphoid derived cells - high amounts of these cells in lymphoid tissue

Question 4

what organ do all white blood cells originate from

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

what cell line are all white blood cells derived from

Answer 5

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

Question 6

name the 2 white blood cell progenitors that are derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 6

myeloid progenitor cells
lymphoid progenitor cells

Question 7

what cells are myeloid progenitor cells derived from

Answer 7

PHSC

Question 8

what cells are lymphoid progenitor cells derived from

Answer 8

PHSC

Question 9

what cells do the myeloid progenitor cells produce

Answer 9

granulocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells

Question 10

What are the 3 types of granulocytes

Answer 10

neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil

Question 11

3 phagocytic cells in the immune system

Answer 11

macrophage
dendritic cell
neutrophil

Question 12

role of dendritic cells

Answer 12

eat antigens and present them to lymphocytes for further immune response

Question 13

what cells are mast cells derived from

Answer 13

PHSC, but the pathway is unclear

Question 14

why do granulocytes have their name

Answer 14

densely staining granules in the cytoplasm

Question 15

alternate name for granulocytes

Answer 15

polymorphonuclear white blood cells

Question 16

where are mast cells normally found

Answer 16

near small blood vessels and tissue

Question 17

which granulocyte type makes up most of the granulocyte population

Answer 17

neutrophils

Question 18

what’s the main role of neutrophils

Answer 18

phagocyte, part of innate immunity, eats bacteria and viruses

Question 19

main role of eosinophils

Answer 19

probably parasite infection fighting

Question 20

main role of basophils

Answer 20

??. its something between an eosinophil and mast cell

Question 21

what cells can gobble and present antigens to T- cells

Answer 21

dendritic cells
macrophages

Question 22

difference between monocytes and macrophages

Answer 22

monocytes in the bloodstream
macrocytes when they’re out

Question 23

why are the lymphoid progenitor cells referred to as lymphoid

Answer 23

high numbers of lymphoid cells are in lymphatic system

Question 24

3 main types of lymphoid progenitor cells

Answer 24

B-cells
T-cells
natural killer cells

Question 25

what is a plasma cell

Answer 25

a B cell that has been activated to produce antibodies against an antigen

Question 26

what immune response is lymphoid progenitor cells involved in

Answer 26

T-cell, B- cell - adaptive immune response natural killer cell - innate immune response

Question 27

types of T cells (2)

Answer 27

cytotoxic T cell helper T cell

Question 28

role of B cells

Answer 28

make antibodies to kill antigens

Question 29

role of natural killer cells

Answer 29

kills cells without needing specific antigen activation

Question 30

3 major types of peripheral lymphoid tissue, and where do they find their antigens

Answer 30

spleen - blood MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue) - epithelial surfaces lymph nodes - other body tissues

Question 31

what are the gastric associated lymphoid tissues (GALT)

Answer 31

appendix tonsils adenoids

Question 32

what are histiocytes

Answer 32

a type of macrophage living in connective tissue

Question 33

Function of cytotoxic T cells

Answer 33

kills cells that are infected or tumorous

Question 34

Function of helper T cells

Answer 34

- recruits B cells and macrophages to fight

Question 35

Difference between myeloid and lymphoid white blood cells

Answer 35

Lymphoid cells are found in abundance in lymphoid tissue

Question 36

What does myeloid mean

Answer 36

Marrow

Question 37

Define progenitor

Answer 37

Ancestor or parent

Question 38

Define pluripotent cells

Answer 38

A cell (immature or stem cell) capable of differentiating into many different cell types

Question 39

What immune function does a dendritic cell have (1)

Answer 39

- antigen presenting cell

Question 40

Where are histiocytes found

Answer 40

Connective tissue

Question 41

What immune function do histiocytes perform (2)

Answer 41

- Macrophage ie eat stuff - Antigen present

Question 42

What is a B cell activated to produce antibodies called

Answer 42

Plasma cell

Question 43

Why are granulocytes also known as polymorphonuclear white blood cells

Answer 43

they have oddly shaped nuclei

Question 44

What cell lineage do dendritic cells originate from

Answer 44

A distinct dendritic progenitor cell, separate from lymphoid and myeloid progenitor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853342/