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dermatology > immune system components > Flashcards

immune system components Flashcards

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/#:~:text=Lymphocytes%20arise%20from%20stem%20cells,carried%20(more...)

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

immune cell response types - broadly, divided by how they work

A

innate immune response, adaptive immune response

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2
Q

humoral immune response - broad definition

A

immune response from serum antibodies; a type of adaptive response

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3
Q

2 broad subtypes of white blood cells, and why are they so named

A

myeloid (bone marrow) derived cells
lymphoid derived cells - high amounts of these cells in lymphoid tissue

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4
Q

what organ do all white blood cells originate from

A

bone marrow

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5
Q

what cell line are all white blood cells derived from

A

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

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6
Q

name the 2 white blood cell progenitors that are derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

A

myeloid progenitor cells
lymphoid progenitor cells

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7
Q

what cells are myeloid progenitor cells derived from

A

PHSC

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8
Q

what cells are lymphoid progenitor cells derived from

A

PHSC

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9
Q

what cells do the myeloid progenitor cells produce

A

granulocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes

A

neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil

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11
Q

3 phagocytic cells in the immune system

A

macrophage
dendritic cell
neutrophil

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12
Q

role of dendritic cells

A

eat antigens and present them to lymphocytes for further immune response

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13
Q

what cells are mast cells derived from

A

PHSC, but the pathway is unclear

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14
Q

why do granulocytes have their name

A

densely staining granules in the cytoplasm

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15
Q

alternate name for granulocytes

A

polymorphonuclear white blood cells

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16
Q

where are mast cells normally found

A

near small blood vessels and tissue

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17
Q

which granulocyte type makes up most of the granulocyte population

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

what’s the main role of neutrophils

A

phagocyte, part of innate immunity, eats bacteria and viruses

19
Q

main role of eosinophils

A

probably parasite infection fighting

20
Q

main role of basophils

A

??. its something between an eosinophil and mast cell

21
Q

what cells can gobble and present antigens to T- cells

A

dendritic cells
macrophages

22
Q

difference between monocytes and macrophages

A

monocytes in the bloodstream
macrocytes when they’re out

23
Q

why are the lymphoid progenitor cells referred to as lymphoid

A

high numbers of lymphoid cells are in lymphatic system

24
Q

3 main types of lymphoid progenitor cells

A

B-cells
T-cells
natural killer cells

25
Q

what is a plasma cell

A

a B cell that has been activated to produce antibodies against an antigen

26
Q

what immune response is lymphoid progenitor cells involved in

A

T-cell, B- cell - adaptive immune response
natural killer cell - innate immune response

27
Q

types of T cells (2)

A

cytotoxic T cell
helper T cell

28
Q

role of B cells

A

make antibodies to kill antigens

29
Q

role of natural killer cells

A

kills cells without needing specific antigen activation

30
Q

3 major types of peripheral lymphoid tissue, and where do they find their antigens

A

spleen - blood
MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue) - epithelial surfaces
lymph nodes - other body tissues

31
Q

what are the gastric associated lymphoid tissues (GALT)

A

appendix
tonsils
adenoids

32
Q

what are histiocytes

A

a type of macrophage living in connective tissue

33
Q

Function of cytotoxic T cells

A

kills cells that are infected or tumorous

34
Q

Function of helper T cells

A
  • recruits B cells and macrophages to fight
35
Q

Difference between myeloid and lymphoid white blood cells

A

Lymphoid cells are found in abundance in lymphoid tissue

36
Q

What does myeloid mean

A

Marrow

37
Q

Define progenitor

A

Ancestor or parent

38
Q

Define pluripotent cells

A

A cell (immature or stem cell) capable of differentiating into many different cell types

39
Q

What immune function does a dendritic cell have (1)

A
  • antigen presenting cell
40
Q

Where are histiocytes found

A

Connective tissue

41
Q

What immune function do histiocytes perform (2)

A
  • Macrophage ie eat stuff
  • Antigen present
42
Q

What is a B cell activated to produce antibodies called

A

Plasma cell

43
Q

Why are granulocytes also known as polymorphonuclear white blood cells

A

they have oddly shaped nuclei

44
Q

What cell lineage do dendritic cells originate from

A

A distinct dendritic progenitor cell, separate from lymphoid and myeloid progenitor

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853342/

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