immune system components Flashcards
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/#:~:text=Lymphocytes%20arise%20from%20stem%20cells,carried%20(more...)
immune cell response types - broadly, divided by how they work
innate immune response, adaptive immune response
humoral immune response - broad definition
immune response from serum antibodies; a type of adaptive response
2 broad subtypes of white blood cells, and why are they so named
myeloid (bone marrow) derived cells
lymphoid derived cells - high amounts of these cells in lymphoid tissue
what organ do all white blood cells originate from
bone marrow
what cell line are all white blood cells derived from
pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
name the 2 white blood cell progenitors that are derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
myeloid progenitor cells
lymphoid progenitor cells
what cells are myeloid progenitor cells derived from
PHSC
what cells are lymphoid progenitor cells derived from
PHSC
what cells do the myeloid progenitor cells produce
granulocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells
What are the 3 types of granulocytes
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
3 phagocytic cells in the immune system
macrophage
dendritic cell
neutrophil
role of dendritic cells
eat antigens and present them to lymphocytes for further immune response
what cells are mast cells derived from
PHSC, but the pathway is unclear
why do granulocytes have their name
densely staining granules in the cytoplasm
alternate name for granulocytes
polymorphonuclear white blood cells
where are mast cells normally found
near small blood vessels and tissue
which granulocyte type makes up most of the granulocyte population
neutrophils
what’s the main role of neutrophils
phagocyte, part of innate immunity, eats bacteria and viruses
main role of eosinophils
probably parasite infection fighting
main role of basophils
??. its something between an eosinophil and mast cell
what cells can gobble and present antigens to T- cells
dendritic cells
macrophages
difference between monocytes and macrophages
monocytes in the bloodstream
macrocytes when they’re out
why are the lymphoid progenitor cells referred to as lymphoid
high numbers of lymphoid cells are in lymphatic system
3 main types of lymphoid progenitor cells
B-cells
T-cells
natural killer cells
what is a plasma cell
a B cell that has been activated to produce antibodies against an antigen
what immune response is lymphoid progenitor cells involved in
T-cell, B- cell - adaptive immune response
natural killer cell - innate immune response
types of T cells (2)
cytotoxic T cell
helper T cell
role of B cells
make antibodies to kill antigens
role of natural killer cells
kills cells without needing specific antigen activation
3 major types of peripheral lymphoid tissue, and where do they find their antigens
spleen - blood
MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue) - epithelial surfaces
lymph nodes - other body tissues
what are the gastric associated lymphoid tissues (GALT)
appendix
tonsils
adenoids
what are histiocytes
a type of macrophage living in connective tissue
Function of cytotoxic T cells
kills cells that are infected or tumorous
Function of helper T cells
- recruits B cells and macrophages to fight
Difference between myeloid and lymphoid white blood cells
Lymphoid cells are found in abundance in lymphoid tissue
What does myeloid mean
Marrow
Define progenitor
Ancestor or parent
Define pluripotent cells
A cell (immature or stem cell) capable of differentiating into many different cell types
What immune function does a dendritic cell have (1)
- antigen presenting cell
Where are histiocytes found
Connective tissue
What immune function do histiocytes perform (2)
- Macrophage ie eat stuff
- Antigen present
What is a B cell activated to produce antibodies called
Plasma cell
Why are granulocytes also known as polymorphonuclear white blood cells
they have oddly shaped nuclei
What cell lineage do dendritic cells originate from
A distinct dendritic progenitor cell, separate from lymphoid and myeloid progenitor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853342/
