Dermatology - lesion terminology Flashcards
https://dermnetnz.org/topics/terminology https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/the25/dermatology.html
pustule
-define
pus containing bubble
macule
- define shape and size
small spot, not palpable
<1cm
patch
- define shape and size
large spot, not palpable
>1cm
papule
- define shape and size
- superficial bump
- palpable, elevated
- <1cm
plaque
- define shape and size
large superficial bump, elevated, >1cm
nodule
- define shape and size
- palpable elevated bump
- significant deep component
- < 1cm
tumor (skin)
- define shape and size
large bump
significant deep component
> 1cm
vesicle (skin)
- define shape and size
small
fluid filled bubble
superficial
< 0.5cm
bulla
- define shape and size
large
fluid filled bubble
can be superficial or deep
> 0.5cm
cyst (skin)
- definition
sac containing fluid or semisolid material of cells, or cell products
scale (skin)
- define
- what skin layer is affected
- accumulation or excess shedding of stratum corneum
- indicates epidermal involvement
crust (skin)
- define
- what fluids it come from
- dried exudate on skin surface.
- Can be blood, serum or pus
excoriation (skin)
- define
loss of skin surface due to scratching or picking
lichenification (skin)
- define
think leathery; its thick and dry, and the skin lines stick out way more
increased prominence of skin lines and creases, from chronic rubbing
maceration (skin)
- define, describe its characteristics
water-logged skin
- appears whitish, somewhat swollen, wrinkling and is softer than regular skin
fissure (skin)
- define
linear crack in skin
erosion (epithelium)
- define
- superficial open wound
- loss affects epidermis or mucosa only
ulcer (epithelium)
- define
- deep open wound
- partial or complete loss of dermis / submucosa
wheals, hives
- define
short-lived oedematous, well circumscribed papule or plaque
burrow (skin)
- define
-small, threadlike, ‘curvilinear’ papule
-pathognomic of scabies
open vs closed comedoes
- morphology difference
- color difference
- open comedoes have keratinous content that can be extracted or expressed. closed comedoes look like there is epithelium formed over it
- open comedoes look black, grey, orange or brown. closed comedoes are skin coloured
open vs closed comedoes
- alternate names
blackheads - open comedo
whitehead - closed comedo
alternate name for blackhead
open comedo
alternate name for whitehead
closed comedo
alternate name for open comedo
blackhead
alternate name for closed comedo
whitehead
atrophy (skin)
- define
thinning of the skin epidermis, dermis
hypertrophic scar vs keloid
- define
- both are scars that grow more than it should
- but keloids grow past the wound boundaries
fibrosis / sclerosis (skin)
- define
dermal scarring or thickening
telangiectasia
- define
dilated superficial dermal blood vessels
milium
- define
small superficial keratin containing cyst
terms to describe a flat non palpable skin lesion, by size
macule < 1cm
patch > 1cm
terms to describe a raised, palpable superficial skin lesion, by size
papule <1cm
plaque >1cm
terms to describe a palpable skin lesion with a deeper segment, by size
nodule <1cm
tumor >1cm
terms to describe a fluid filled spherical skin lesion, by size
vesicle < 0.5cm
bulla > 0.5cm
difference between a vesicle, pustule, and a cyst
- vesicles contain any fluid
- pustules contain pus (dead white blood cells)
- cysts contain cells or cellular material like keratin
difference between papule and nodule
papillae are superficial lesions
nodules have a deeper component
difference between plaques and tumors (skin)
plaques are superficial lesions, tumours have a deeper component
comedo - define
a blocked hair follicle
aka a plugged follicular orifice
2 different types of comedoes
open comedo/blackhead
closed comedoes/whitehead
characteristics of a blackhead (3)
- a blocked hair follicle
- has an open orifice at the skin surface
- contents inside are visible, blackish debris
characteristics of an open comedo (3)
- what does it look like
- a blocked hair follicle
- has an open orifice at the skin surface
- contents inside are visible, blackish debris
- appears black, brown or tan
color of a whitehead
- a blocked hair follicle
- opening is covered by skin
- color would approximate skin color
color of a closed comedo
- color would approximate skin color
difference between a closed comedo and milium / milia
- shape
- contents
milium is a keratin cyst
comedoes are blocked hair follices
milium contain only keratin proteins
comedoes have a mix of keratin, sebum, hair and other stuff
what is inside a comedo
mix of keratin, sebum (oily), hair
acral distribution
- define (5)
located in distal extremities eg
- ears
- fingers and toes
- nose
- penis
- nipple
what are the blaschko lines
lines of skin that are thought to represent epidermal cell migration and proliferation during fetal development
herpetiform distribution - define
solid papules within a cluster
describe koebnerisation
formation of new lesions
from an existing skin disease
in a previously healthy area
that had been traumatised
what is a nummular lesion
a circular, coin shaped lesion
another name for nummular lesions
discoid lesions
what is a target lesion
a lesion that forms concentric rings
another name for target lesion
iris lesion
what is a gyrate lesion
rash that appears to be whirling in a circle or spiral
what is an annular lesion
forms a ring or circular shape, empty in the middle
erythema (skin) - define
skin redness caused by increased blood supply
telangiectasia (skin) - define
prominent cutaneous blood vessels
