Immune System (Ch7) Glossary Flashcards
Active Immunity
Immunity produced by the body manufactoring antibodies against a foreign antigen
Agglutination
The clumping together of micro-organisms or cells
Antibiotic
A chemical able to inhibit the growth of, or kill, micro-organisms (i.e. bacteria)
Antibody
A substance produced in responce to a specific antigen, combines with antigen to destory it.
Antibody-Meditated immunity / Humoral Responce
A responce trigged by foreign substances or micro-organisms entering the body, Involes B cells and productio nof Anitobides.
Antigen
Any substnace capable of causing the formation of antibodies when introduced into the tissues
Antigen-Antibody Complex
A compound formed when an antibody combines with an antigen
Antigen-Presenting Cells
Phagocytic cells that digest pathogens and present the antigen to Lymphocytes, include dendritic cells and macrophages
Antriviral Drug
A drug used for the treatment of viral infections
Artifical immunity
Immunity produced by giving a person an intigen, triggers the immune responce, or giving them antibodies.
Attenuated
Describe micro-organisms that have been reduced in virulence
Bacteria / Bacterium (Singular)
Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms with a cell wall but no membrane - bound organelles and organised nucleus
Bactericidal antibiotic
A drug used to teat bacterial infections by killing the bacteria
Bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotic
A drug used to teat bacterial infections, does not kill but stops reproduction
B- Cell
A type of lymphocyte that develops into either a plasma cell or produces antibodies or a memory cell
Broad-Spectrium antibiotic
An antibiotic that affects many typeso f bacteria
Cell-Meditated responce / Cellular Immunity.
The part of the immune responce in which T-Cells attach to antigen to destroy them.
Cerumen
Ear wax, secreted by special glands near the opening of ear canal.
Cilia / Cilium (Singular)
Hair like projections from a cell, they beat rhythmically to move material across a tissue surface
Clone
A group of cells with the same genetic characteristcs
Communicable disease / Infections disease/ transmissible disease
A disease passed from one person to another by infection with micro organisms
Complement System
A system of protiens produced by the liver that enhance the activity of antibodies and phagocytes
Contagious
A disease passed on by direct human contanct
Cytokines
Small protein that are released in response to antigens and act as messengers in the immune response.
Cytotoxic T-cells - killer T cell
A type of t lymphocyte able to kill cells that are damaged or infected with viruses or bacteria
Dendritic cell
An antigen-presenting cell.
Named due to the branch-like extensions from the cytoplasm.
Fever
An elevation of body temperature above the normal level of 37 degrees
Helper T-cell
A type of T-cell that, among other things, enhances antibody production by B - cells.
Heparin
A substance that helps to prevent blood clotting.
Herd Immunity
A type of group immunity that occurs when such a high proportion of people in a population are immunized that those who are not immune are protected.
Histamine
A substance released in response to injury to cells.
It results in an increase in blood flow.
Humoral response
A response triggered by foreign substances or micro-organisms entering the body, involving B-cells and the production of antibodies,
also known as antibody-mediated immunity
Immune response
A response triggered by foreign substances or micro-organisms entering the body.
Immune system
Different types of cells that occur in most organs of the body and that protect against foreign organisms, alien chemicals and abnormal cells.
Immunisation
Programming the immune system so that the body can respond rapidly to infecting micro-organisms.
Immunity
Resistance to infection from invading micro-organisms.
Immunoglobulin
A particular group of proteins, antibodies are immunoglobulins
Infectious Disease
Communicable disease
Inflammation
The response to damage to a tissue;
involves swelling, heat, pain and redness in the affected area.
Interferon
Any of several proteins that are produced by cells as a defensive response to viral infection, preventing the replication of the virus.
Interleukin-1
A pyrogen produced primarily by macrophages
Leucocyte or leukocyte
A white blood cell
Lymphatic system
A system of vessels that drain excess fluid from the tissues.
Lymphocyte
A white blood cell that is responsible for the immune response.
Lymphoid tissue
Tissue containing many lymphocytes and macrophages,
mostly found in the lymph nodes but also in the bone marrow, tonsils, spleen and thymus.
Lysozyme
An enzyme that kills bacteria.
found in tears, saliva and perspiration.
Macrophage
A phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte
a type of white blood cell
Memory cell
A type of cell that recognizes an antigen to which the body has previously been exposed,
Mast cell
A type of cell found in loose connective tissue,
Involved in the inflammatory response.
Monocyte
A type of leucocyte found in the blood that migrates into damaged tissue and forms macrophages.
Mucous Membrane
An epithelial tissue that secretes mucous and lines many body cavities.
Mucous
A slippery stringy substance produced by mucous membranes.
Multiple drug resistance
Resistance of some strains of bacteria to most of the available antibiotics
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
An antibiotic that affects only a particular type of bacteria
Nasal Cavity
The large air-filled cavity above and behind the nose.
Natural immunity
Immunity that occurs without any human intervention,
Neutrophil
A granulated leucocyte with a multilobar nucleus that is phagocytotic
Non-self antigen
Any compound foreign to the body that triggers an immune response.
Non-specific defence
Defence of the body that acts against all pathogens.
Passive immunity
Immunity produced by the introduction of antibodies from another person.
Pathogen
A disease causing organism often referred to and a pathogenic organism
virus, bacteria, fungi, protists.
N.b. virus are not said to be alive.
Phagocyte
Cells that are able to engulf micro-organisms and cells debris.
Plasma cell
A cell that develops from a B cell and produces antibodies.
Plasmid
In a bacterial cell small circular strands of DNA distinct from the main bacterial genome, composed of only a few genes and able to replicate independently within cells.
Primary response
The response of the immune system to the first exposure to an antigen.
Prokaryote
A single-celled organism lacking a distinct nucleus or specialized organelles.
Pyrogen
A substance that results in a fever
Recombinant DNA
synthetic DNA made by inserting genes from one source into a DNA molecule from a different source.
Sebum
An oily,waxy secretion from the sebacious glands.
Secondary response
The response to a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen the secondary response is faster and more intense that the primary response.
Self-antigen
Any large molecule produced in a person’s own body, does not cause an immune response in that person.
Specific defense
Defense of the body that is directed against a specific pathogen.
Suppressor T-cell.
A type of T cell that helps to slow down the immune response.
Sweat
The liquid produced by the sweat glands on the skin
T-cell
A lymphocyte that can differentiate into a number of different kinds of cell, all of which are involved in cell mediated immunity.
Total drug resistance
The resistance of some strains of bacteria to all antibiotics.
toxoid
A toxin from a pathogen that is altered so that it is no longer loxic
Vaccination
The introduction of antigens to a person so that they acquire immunity without suffering from the illness.
Vaccine
an antigen preparation used in artificial immunisation.
Vasodilation
An increase in the diameter of arterioles, increasing the flow of blood through them.
Vector
An agent such as an insect capable of transferring a disease causing organism from one person to another
Virulence
the disease-producing power of a micro-organism
Virus
An infectious agent, too small to be seen with a light microscope, consisting of a protein sheath surrounding a core of nucleic acid. Viruses are totally dependent on living cells for reproduction.
