Immune System Antibodies

Question 1

What are antibodies

Answer 1

Antigen binding proteins

Question 2

Where are antibodies present?

Answer 2

B cell membranes

Question 3

What happens when an antigen interacts with a membrane bound antibody?

Answer 3

An antigen specific proliferation of B cells occur ( plasma)

Question 4

Where do plasma secreted antibodies circulate?

Answer 4

Blood

Question 5

What do antibodies secreted by plasma do?

Answer 5

They serve as effectors of humeral immunity and neutralise antigens and mark them for elimination

Question 6

What are heterogeneous antibodies?

Answer 6

Antibodies that are produced against a specific antigen

Question 7

Where are antibodies present?

Answer 7

In the serum fraction of blood

Question 8

How many peptide chains does an antibody have and what are they called

Answer 8

They have 4 peptide chains, two heavy and two light

Question 9

What binds the heavy and light chains

Answer 9

Disulphide bonds

Question 10

How many amino acids do light chains have?

Answer 10

214

Question 11

How many amino acids to heavy chains have?

Answer 11

446

Question 12

What shows the most variation on both chains?

Answer 12

CDR’s

Question 13

What do CDR’s do?

Answer 13

They make up the antigen binding sites of the body

Question 14

What does mercaptoethanol do?

Answer 14

It breaks disulphide bonds

Question 15

What does the two FAB fragments do?

Answer 15

They bind to both heavy and light chains

Question 16

What does the FC fragment do?

Answer 16

It only binds to heavy chains

Question 17

Where does papain cleave?

Answer 17

Above the disulphide bond

Question 18

Where does pepsin cleave?

Answer 18

Below the disulphide bond

Question 19

What does the primary structure of immunoglobulin do?

Answer 19

If accounts for the variable and constant regions of heavy and light chains

Question 20

What is the secondary structure of immunoglobulin made of?

Answer 20

It’s made of anti-parallel b pleated sheets

Question 21

What does the tertiary structure of immunoglobulin do?

Answer 21

It folds the b pleated sheets into globular domains so they can connect to other domains via polypeptide chain

Question 22

What does the immunoglobulin fold consist of?

Answer 22

A sandwich of 2 b pleated sheets

Question 23

In the immunoglobulin fold, which way do hydrophobic side chains face?

Answer 23

Towards the centre of sandwich

Question 24

In the immunoglobulin fold, which way do hydrophilic side chains face?

Answer 24

Pointed outwards

Question 25

Where are amino acids most concentrated?

Answer 25

In the loops that link the B strands in V domains

Question 26

What are framework regions?

Answer 26

They’re the rest of the VH and VL domains and act as a scaffold to support CDR loops

Question 27

What are heavy chain CDRs involved in?

Answer 27

Antigen binding

Question 28

What are IgA,IgD and IgG called

Answer 28

CH3

Question 29

What are IgE and IgM called

Answer 29

CH4