Immune System

Question 1

antigens

Answer 1

substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them, to the body, as being native or foreign.

Question 2

allergies

Answer 2

an immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen aka a immune system response to something consider not harmful

Question 3

autoimmune disease

Answer 3

a pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen

Question 4

when someone receives that wrong type of blood what kind of response is triggered

Answer 4

tissue rejection

Question 5

innate immune system

Answer 5

A collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens

Question 6

5 examples of innate immune system

Answer 6

1. skin
2 hair
3 earwax
4 salt on skins
5 eye cleansing tears

Question 7

commensal microorganisms

Answer 7

microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm. lines areas in contact with the external environment

Question 8

antimicrobial

Answer 8

a substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the host. found in mucus, tears and saliva part of innate immune system

Question 9

inflammation

Answer 9

the resulting redness, swelling, hear, and pain in an area of defense by innate immunity. Second line of defense. when it enters the system

Question 10

phagocytosis

Answer 10

ingestion of particles by a cell or phagocyte.

Question 11

macrophage

Answer 11

a large white blood cell that ingests foreign materials.

Question 12

antigen-presenting cell

Answer 12

when a macrophage puts parts of the ingested antigens no its cell membrane to alert patrolling t cells

Question 13

cytokines

Answer 13

cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper t-cells and macrophages. certain cytokines activate cytotoxic t-cells

Question 14

histamine

Answer 14

a white blood cell secretion that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilatation

Question 15

interferons

Answer 15

proteins secreted by leukocytes when they are infected with viruses

Question 16

both external and internal aspects of the innate immune system operate quickly in response to pathogens. Because of their ________ responses, prior history with particular pathogen is ____________ to trigger an immune reaction

Answer 16

nonspecific

not necessary

Question 17

Adaptive Immune System

Answer 17

A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body

Question 18

Adaptive immune response is _____ than innate immune

Answer 18

slower; as each response is unique, but when a defense is created it triggers fast response

Question 19

b-cells, t-cells and what t-cells become are types of what

Answer 19

lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Question 20

cell-mediated Immunity

Answer 20

a type of adaptive immunity in which t lymphocytes attack parasitic worms, cancer cells, transplanted tissues or cells that contain pathogens

Question 21

antibodies/immunoglobulins

Answer 21

blood proteins that have a variable region that fits a specific antigen

Question 22

antibody-mediated immuntiy

Answer 22

a defense that employs B cells to create antibodies that tag pathogens for later destruction. Also know as humoral immunity.

Question 23

Ways to have adaptive immunity

Answer 23

naturally; passive (maternal) active (infection)

artificial; passive (antibody transfer), active (immunization)

Question 24

passive immunity

Answer 24

temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source.

Question 25

active immunity

Answer 25

protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens.

Question 26

helper t cells

Answer 26

type of lymphocyte that secretes interleukins, a protein that triggers the action of other cells including the attack of foreign cells by a cytotoxic t cell

Question 27

cytotoxic t cell

Answer 27

category of lymphocyte that attack foreign cells

Question 28

b cell

Answer 28

lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow and makes antibodies in response to antigens