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TEAS Science Section > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine System

A

Set of organs that secretes hormones directly into the circulatory system

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2
Q

How do hormones travel the body?

A

blood circulation. transmit hormones from gland to target organ

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3
Q

_____ takes longer to travel, but last longer than______

A

Hormones

Neurons

I.E. endocrine system have a prolonged duration compared to the nervous system

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4
Q

Epinephrine

A

a polar, water soluble/ nonsteroid hormone released by the adrenals in response to stress also known as adrenaline

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5
Q

adrenal gland

A

located above kidney that produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure and other functions

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6
Q

exocrine gland

A

a gland that produces secretions having an extracellular effect, such as chemical digestion. these secretions leave the gland by way of a duct

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7
Q

pancreas

A

the gland of the digestive and endocrine system that produces insulin and secretes pancreatic juices
unique as it secretes both enzymes and hormes

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8
Q

insulin

A

released by pancreas. hormone that triggers the uptake of glucose into cells thus lowering blood glucose levels

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9
Q

glucagon hormone

A

secreted by the pancreas that stimulates its target cells in the liver to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release that glucose into the blood.

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10
Q

negative feedback

A

a mechanism that includes the monitoring for specific homeostatic levels and a signal to a gland: this signal stimulates or inhibits the gland’s secretion in order to maintain homeostasis or cause compensations that returns the levels to homeostasis

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11
Q

diabetes

A

pathologically high blood sugar levels when hormone regulation malfunctions

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12
Q

hypothalamus

A

located in the brain that is a integration center between the endocrine and nervous system

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13
Q

releasing hormones

A

chemical messengers that stimulate the production of certain hormones.

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14
Q

inhibiting hormones

A

chemical messengers that restrict the production of certain hormones

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15
Q

growth hormone

A

a secretion of the anterior pituitary that stimulates tissue growth. also know as somatotropin

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16
Q

gigantism

A

excessive growth resulting from overproduction of growth hormone

17
Q

why are Thyroid Hormone (TH) homeostatic levels in blood important

A

plays role in regulating growth, development, metabolic rate

18
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

a malfunction of regulatory feedback loops leading to the overproduction of thyroid hormone

19
Q

positive feedback

A

a mechanism that stimulates the glandular secretions to continue to increase, temporarily pushing levels further out of homeostasis, until a particular biological effect is reached (eg. expulsion of the fetus during child birth)

20
Q

oxytocin

A

a hormone made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. one of its functions is to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth

21
Q

what are melatonin target organs?

A

eyes, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

22
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates development of eggs in ovaries and sperm in testes.

23
Q

what hormone is released by the ovaries

A

estrogen

24
Q

luteinizing hormone produced by anterior pituitary triggers what?

A

ovulation in female gonads (ovaries) and production of testosterone by male gonads (testes)

25
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone stimulates secondary sexual characteristics.

26
Q

what hormones are made from cholesterol. two examples

A

steroid hormones
testosterone and estrogen
their lipid composition allows them to pass easily through cell membranes and nuclear membranes

27
Q

water soluble hormones cannot______

A

pass between phospholipids of cell membranes instead bind with cell surface receptors

28
Q

thymus

A

nonsteroid hormone lymphoid organ that produces t-cells (type of immune cells) larger in children until about 6

29
Q

parathyroid

A

an endocrine gland in the neck that produces parathyroid hormone

30
Q

Endocrine system secretes chemical messengers from ________

A

ductless glands

TEAS Science Section (14 decks)

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