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Biology > Immune system > Flashcards

Immune system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism that causes disease

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2
Q

Bacteria

A

small single celled organism with no nucleus (prokaryote)

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3
Q

Examples of bacteria

A

Lactobacillus bulgaricus- rod shaped bacterium used in production of yogurt
Pneumococcus- spherical bacteria that acts as the pathogen called pneumonis

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4
Q

Fungi

A

Multicellular- mushrooms, mould and toadstools

Unicellular- yeasts, cannot photosynthesise

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5
Q

Virus

A

small non-living parasite particles that can only reproduce inside living cells. They have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA

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6
Q

Examples of viruses

A

Tobacco mosaic virus, influenza and HIV

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7
Q

Protoctist and examples

A

microscopic single celled organism

Eg Amoeba and Chlorella

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8
Q

Plasmid

A

Small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria and used in genetic engineering

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9
Q

Flagellum

A

tail-like structure that enables movement

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10
Q

Lactobacillus

A

type of bacteria that produces lactic acid

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11
Q

Fermenter

A

a vessel used to grow microscopic organisms eg in yogurt production

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12
Q

DNA

A

Composed of sugar, phosphates and four bases

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13
Q

RNA

A

involved in protein synthesis

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14
Q

Platelets

A

small fragments of cells that release chemicals to make blood clot

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15
Q

Immune response

A

mechanism by which the body recognises and deals with

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16
Q

White blood cells

A

Two types- lymphocytes and phagocytes. They destroy microrganisms

17
Q

Phagocytes

A

a type of white blood cell that surrounds, engulfs and digests microrganisms

18
Q

Lymphocytes

A

type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. The antibodies cause the pathogens to stick together which makes it easier for phagocytes to engulf

19
Q

Antibodies

A

specific protein molecules produced by lymphocytes that bind to antigens on the surface of pathogens

20
Q

Antigens

A

Chemical ‘markers’ on the surface of cells and pathogens

21
Q

Vaccination

A

Artificially supplying antigens to a person to stimulate an immune response and protect them against disease

22
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process of phagocytes dealing with pathogens. They detect the chemicals released by pathogen, move towards it, ingests it, uses enzymes to destroy it

Biology (12 decks)

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