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Microbiology 251 > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the different Antibodies?

A

IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD, IgG

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2
Q

IgG

A

Single unit, most common in blood stream, provides passive immunity to fetus, most antibodies are these

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3
Q

IgD

A

Single unit, found on the surface of B-lymphocyte

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4
Q

IgE

A

single unit, important for hyper sensitive reaction specially in anaphylactic reaction

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5
Q

IgA

A

composed of 2 antibody units to form a J chain, external secretion of mucosal surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract, resists infections of the body surface

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6
Q

IgM

A

composed of 5 units to form a j chain, first antibody to appear in an immune reaction, cannot diffuse, more reactive with antigens, bacterial antitoxins are composed of this

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7
Q

How does the specific immune system work?

A

Recognition, selection and activation of lymphocytes, destruction of the foreign substance, and memorization

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8
Q

Recognition

A

antigen or cell recognized as self or nonself. Histocompatibility complex is used for identification

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9
Q

Selection and activation of lymphocyte

A

Primary defending cells of immune system are lymphocytes which equip to target different antigen

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10
Q

Destruction of foreign substance

A

Lymphocytes and the antibodies immobilize and destroy the pathogen

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11
Q

Memorization

A

Long lived “memory” lymphocytes are produced that quickly recognize and respond to future exposure to antigens/foreign cells.

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12
Q

Humoral Response

A

involves B-cells that have antibodies on its surface to recognize the antigen and follows the chain of events

  1. Antigen binds to B-cells
  2. Initiate B-cell proliferation which bear the antibody specific to Ag
  3. Proliferated B-Cells release the antibody, circulate throughout the body, binds the Ag and inactivate
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13
Q

Cell Mediated Immunity

A

Involves mainly T-Cells. Do not produce antibody. They will directly interact with pathogens or any cells that display

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14
Q

Types of Immunity

A
  1. Innate Immunity 2. Acquired Immunity
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15
Q

Innate Immunity

A

present from birth, nonspecific defense operated by phagocytes

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16
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

derived from the activity of immune system

  1. Active Immunity
  2. Passive Immunity
17
Q

What is Active Immunity and the types?

A

body produced antibody

  1. Naturally acquired active immunity: from infection/disease
  2. Artificially acquired active immunity: vaccination
18
Q

What is Passive Immunity and the types?

A

person receives Ab from outside sources

  1. Naturally: child gets Ab from mother through placenta
  2. Artificially: person receives Ab by injection of serum from another person
19
Q

Vaccine

A

Provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It resembles a disease causing microorganism made from weakened or killed forms. The agent stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize the agent as a threat to destroy it and keep a record of it

20
Q

What are the different types of Immunological Laboratory Test

A
  1. Serology: study of serum

2. Immunohistochemistry: To identify proteins on cells

21
Q

Available immunohistochemistry test:

A
  1. Agglutination test: clumping occurs
  2. Precipitation: Ag-Ab complex precipitates
  3. Complement fixation: fixes complements
  4. Neutralization: Used for toxins
  5. Fluorescent antibody: used to determine the presence of Ab in tissue
  6. Enzymes immunoassay: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
22
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

Cells of immune system which associate with the lymphatic system

23
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Usually proteins or polysaccharides that could be toxins, protein coated virus, or pollen

24
Q

What are haptens

A

Low molecular antigens which are poor in antigenicity but works if they bind to other proteins in the body

25
Q

Antigenic determinant or epitope

A

Chemical group on the surface of the antigen molecules that determine their antigenicity

26
Q

Alloantigens

A

Ag found in different member of same species

27
Q

heterophile antigens

A

Identical Ags found on the cells of different species

28
Q

Somatic antigens

A

Ags found on the body cells

29
Q

What are some bacterial antigens

A

Capsular antigens, flagellar antigens, and exotoxins

30
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Immunoglobulins that are released to target the antigen that is recognized

Microbiology 251 (14 decks)

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