Immune System Flashcards
What are the different Antibodies?
IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD, IgG
IgG
Single unit, most common in blood stream, provides passive immunity to fetus, most antibodies are these
IgD
Single unit, found on the surface of B-lymphocyte
IgE
single unit, important for hyper sensitive reaction specially in anaphylactic reaction
IgA
composed of 2 antibody units to form a J chain, external secretion of mucosal surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract, resists infections of the body surface
IgM
composed of 5 units to form a j chain, first antibody to appear in an immune reaction, cannot diffuse, more reactive with antigens, bacterial antitoxins are composed of this
How does the specific immune system work?
Recognition, selection and activation of lymphocytes, destruction of the foreign substance, and memorization
Recognition
antigen or cell recognized as self or nonself. Histocompatibility complex is used for identification
Selection and activation of lymphocyte
Primary defending cells of immune system are lymphocytes which equip to target different antigen
Destruction of foreign substance
Lymphocytes and the antibodies immobilize and destroy the pathogen
Memorization
Long lived “memory” lymphocytes are produced that quickly recognize and respond to future exposure to antigens/foreign cells.
Humoral Response
involves B-cells that have antibodies on its surface to recognize the antigen and follows the chain of events
- Antigen binds to B-cells
- Initiate B-cell proliferation which bear the antibody specific to Ag
- Proliferated B-Cells release the antibody, circulate throughout the body, binds the Ag and inactivate
Cell Mediated Immunity
Involves mainly T-Cells. Do not produce antibody. They will directly interact with pathogens or any cells that display
Types of Immunity
- Innate Immunity 2. Acquired Immunity
Innate Immunity
present from birth, nonspecific defense operated by phagocytes
Acquired Immunity
derived from the activity of immune system
- Active Immunity
- Passive Immunity
What is Active Immunity and the types?
body produced antibody
- Naturally acquired active immunity: from infection/disease
- Artificially acquired active immunity: vaccination
What is Passive Immunity and the types?
person receives Ab from outside sources
- Naturally: child gets Ab from mother through placenta
- Artificially: person receives Ab by injection of serum from another person
Vaccine
Provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It resembles a disease causing microorganism made from weakened or killed forms. The agent stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize the agent as a threat to destroy it and keep a record of it
What are the different types of Immunological Laboratory Test
- Serology: study of serum
2. Immunohistochemistry: To identify proteins on cells
Available immunohistochemistry test:
- Agglutination test: clumping occurs
- Precipitation: Ag-Ab complex precipitates
- Complement fixation: fixes complements
- Neutralization: Used for toxins
- Fluorescent antibody: used to determine the presence of Ab in tissue
- Enzymes immunoassay: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
What are lymphocytes?
Cells of immune system which associate with the lymphatic system
What is an antigen?
Usually proteins or polysaccharides that could be toxins, protein coated virus, or pollen
What are haptens
Low molecular antigens which are poor in antigenicity but works if they bind to other proteins in the body
