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Microbiology 251 > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the basic structure of DNA?

A

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

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2
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins

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3
Q

What does RNA do?

A

carries out genetic instruction for synthesizing proteins

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4
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A
  1. messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
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5
Q

What happens in DNA replication?

A

during mitosis that the DNA doubles

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6
Q

What unwinds the DNA?

A

Helicase

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7
Q

When corresponding nucleotide base pairs assemble against each of the nucleotide of the parent DNA strands, what allows this to happen?

A

DNA polymerase

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8
Q

What are the bonds in between the base pairs?

A

Hydrogen

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9
Q

What is genome

A

All the genes of a person

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10
Q

what is a gene?

A

genetic code for synthesis of proteins

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11
Q

What is the central dogma of gene expression?

A

DNA to RNA to proteins/enzyme synthesis to traits, functions, metabolism and homeostasis

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12
Q

What are the major steps of the central dogma?

A

Transcription and translation

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13
Q

What is the 3- base sequence on mRNA called?

A

Codon

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14
Q

What is the 3-base sequence on tRNA called?

A

Anticodon

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15
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome

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16
Q

What does tRNA do?

A

transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein

17
Q

What does rRNA do?

A

Helps form the ribosomes where proteins are built

18
Q

What is point mutation

A

Substitution in a single base pair causing the genetic code to change

19
Q

What is missense mutation

A

Several bases are substituted or changed resulting a new protein production

20
Q

What is nonsense mutation

A

Several bases are altered resulting destruction of genetic code. Makes no sense code

21
Q

What is frameshift mutation

A

Pairs or nucleotides are added or deleted from DNA molecule resulting the “reading frame” shifted in a gene sequence

Microbiology 251 (14 decks)

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