DNA Replication Flashcards
What is the basic structure of DNA?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
What does DNA do?
Instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins
What does RNA do?
carries out genetic instruction for synthesizing proteins
What are the three types of RNA?
- messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
What happens in DNA replication?
during mitosis that the DNA doubles
What unwinds the DNA?
Helicase
When corresponding nucleotide base pairs assemble against each of the nucleotide of the parent DNA strands, what allows this to happen?
DNA polymerase
What are the bonds in between the base pairs?
Hydrogen
What is genome
All the genes of a person
what is a gene?
genetic code for synthesis of proteins
What is the central dogma of gene expression?
DNA to RNA to proteins/enzyme synthesis to traits, functions, metabolism and homeostasis
What are the major steps of the central dogma?
Transcription and translation
What is the 3- base sequence on mRNA called?
Codon
What is the 3-base sequence on tRNA called?
Anticodon
What does mRNA do?
carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome
What does tRNA do?
transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein
What does rRNA do?
Helps form the ribosomes where proteins are built
What is point mutation
Substitution in a single base pair causing the genetic code to change
What is missense mutation
Several bases are substituted or changed resulting a new protein production
What is nonsense mutation
Several bases are altered resulting destruction of genetic code. Makes no sense code
What is frameshift mutation
Pairs or nucleotides are added or deleted from DNA molecule resulting the “reading frame” shifted in a gene sequence
