Immune System Flashcards
System of Defense
- Skin
- Mucus Membranes
- Body Chemistry
- Specific Immunity
Non-Specific Defense
Skin, Mucus Membrane and Body Chemistry
Specific Defense
Specific Immunity
Skin
- Waterproof
- Fungi and some pathogens can directly penetrait skin
- Herpes virus, worts, can penetrait skin
Mucus Membrane
- Layer of playable tissue that secretes mucus
- Protection covering mucus membranes
- Mucus makes them moist, good covering so that pathogens cant get by
- Mucus has antibodies and it is acidic
Body Chemistry (External)
External
- Skin
- acidic
- oils -> fatty acid
- sweat -> salt, Lysozyme (enzyme that break down bacteria)
- eyes
- tears -> lysozymes
- saliva
- stomach acid (pH2)
- Urine -> lots of salt
Body Chemistry (Internal)
Internal (Inflamatory Response)
a) Curiculating chemicals send out alarm- histamines
b) Blood vessels dialate; flush wound, ^ temp
c) White blood cells move in to engulf invaders
d) Blood needs to clot ->clot
e) If still invader; fever and pus
Pus
dead bacteria, dead white blood cells, plasma
Macrophages
Big eater
Phagotypes
Eating cell
When blood vessels dialate what happens?
- Flush wound
- Temp goes up
RBC Jobs
Carry oxygen, no nucleus and only produced in the bone marrow
WBC Jobs
Eat worn out blood cells, Yes nucleus, is produced in bone marrow and it can also divide
Platelets Job
Clot blood
Plasma
Liquid part is water 90%
Nutrients, protein, CO2, ions, enzymes, hormones 10%
Internal Body Chemistry CONT.
2 interferons (only work against virus, non-specific)
Interferon
is a protein to alert/prevent viral infections
Cell Membranes
Allows things to pass through (protein sticking out of the membrane, which is what the WBC checks)
Virus…
A virus takes its DNA into the hosts nucleus
Specific Immunity
- Antigen
- Antibody
- Antibiotic
Antigen
foreign protein
Antibody
protein that inactivates antigens (specific for every bacteria and virus that you have been exposed to)
Antibiotics
chemical produced by fungi, fights bacteria
WBC Types
Leukocyte- white cell
Lymphocyte- WBC thta live in lymph system
Macrophage- big eater
Phagocyte- eating cell
Basophyll- makes histimine
B-Cell- made in bone marrow
T-Cell- Made in the thymus (they become more specialized)
T4-Cell- Boss/cordinater (least amount)
T8 Supressor- Shuts down immune response
NK Cell- Natural Killer (Chemical warfare)
B Memory- Retain info on how to make antibodies
B Plasma- Activity making antibodies
Vaccination
Contains an antigen, infect someone with an antigen to make a B-Memory Cell
Blood Types
A, B, AB, O (Study Charts)
