immune system Flashcards
(215 cards)
describe viruses
obligate intracellular parasites
hijacks host machinery to propogate themselves
ability to evade our immune defences (virulence factor)
describe bacteria
singe cell prokaryotes
extracellular/intracellular
virulence is factors they produce e.g toxins, enzymes, motility etc
what are the two types of immunity
innate and adaptive
what are the three components of innate immunity
static/anatomical barriers
soluble barriers
cellular barriers
what are examples of static barriers
skin
mucosa
stomach acid
tears
microbiome
what are examples of soluble barriers
antimicrobial peptides
complement proteins
cytokines
opsonins
what are examples of cellular barriers
macrophages
neutrophils
NKC
basophil/mast cell
dendritic cells
what are examples of the cells in the adaptive immunity
t cells (CD4 and CD8)
b cells
what do NKC do
kills by apoptosis
what do neutrophils do
phagocytose bacteria and viruses
what do basophilss/mast cells do
inflammatory response
what do macrophages do
phagocytose bacteria and viruses
what do dendritic cells do
links to adaptive immunity by presenting antigens on surface to activate t cells
what do CD4 t cells do
secrete cytokines to help other cells (t helper cell)
what do CD8 t cells do
kills by apoptosis
what do B cells do
divide and differentiate into plasma cells which secrete antibodies
contrast the innate and adaptive immune responses
innate is non specific whereas adaptive is specific
innate has already formed barriers to combat pathogens whereas the adaptive takes time to build up defence
innate recognises common components of pathogens whereas adaptive recognises any pathogen
innate has no memory whereas adaptive does
what is the intugementary system comprised of
skin and accessory organs
what is the function of the integumentary system
protection
immunity
sensation
thermoregulation
water balance
waste excretion
vit D production
what are the 3 layers of the skin
epidermis (outermost layer/epithelial tissue)
dermis (CT)
hypodermis (adipose tissue)
describe the epidermis
stratified squamous keratinised epithelium that is avascular and contains a basement membrane that attaches to CT and is semipermeable
what are the 5 layers of the epidermis
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basal
what is the stratum basal
bottom most layer of epidermis containing single layer of epithelial cells
germinating layer (i.e stem cells where keratinocytes start to grow)
constantly dividing
tightly bound to underlying CT
what is the stratum spinosum
has spiny projections of desmosome microfilaments > maintenance and structural integrity which assist in holding the cells tightly together and giving the skin strength, resilience and flexibility