Immune System Flashcards
What is humanities deadliest disease?
smallpox
How does immunization work?
antigens are artificially introduced to induce adaptive immunity
Define inoculation
the act of immunizing someone against a disease by introducing material
What is similar between immunological memory and immunization?
they expose the organism to antigens
Define clonal selection
the process by which body produces B and T cells in response to infections
What is an “inactivated” vaccine?
the vaccine contains a dead virus
What is a “live” vaccine?
the vaccine contains an attenuated (reduced) virus
What is “recombinant” vaccine?
the vaccine contains viral antigens
What is an “mRNA” vaccine?
the vaccine contains an mRNA code for the viral antigen
Define innate immunity
the first line of defense against pathogens that does not involve infection of the host
What kind of immunity do invertebrates exhibit?
strictly innate immunity
What is a hemocyte?
an immune system blood cell, especially in invertebrates
What kind of immunity do vertebrates exhibit?
innate AND adaptive immunity
Define adaptive immunity
the immune response that occurs after infection occurs
What kind of immunity is skin, mucus, and acidity?
innate immunity
What are phagocytic cells?
cells that arrive at the infection and boost immune responses
What is phagocytosis?
the process by which a phagocytic cell uses vacuoles to digest pathogens
What are the four functions of a macrophage?
- phagocytosis
- stimulates other immune cells
- removes dead cells
- secretes cytokines
Three types of phagocytic cells
macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell
What are the three functions of a neutrophil cell?
- phagocytosis
- extracellular traps
- mediate inflammation