Circulation and Gas Exchange Flashcards
Define diffusion
gas exchange across short distances
What animals utilize open circulatory systems?
arthropods, crustaceans, and most mollusks
What is the cycle of an open circulatory system?
the heart, or circulatory pumps, pushes blood out of pores into the hemolymph of the sinuses
What is hemolymph?
the “blood/interstitial fluid” of an open circulatory system
What animals utilize closed circulatory systems?
cephalopods, annelids, and vertebrates
What is the cycle of a closed circulatory system?
heart -> vessels (bloods) -> interstitial fluid
What is the benefit of an open circulatory system?
requires less energy
What are the benefits of a closed circulatory system?
allows regulatory control and sustains large body sizes
What is the function of arteries?
transport blood from the heart to the capillaries in the organs
What is the function of veins?
transport blood from the capillaries in the organs to the heart
What is the function of capillaries?
they are the site of exchange between blood and organs
What is different about amphibian cardiovascular systems than mammalian’s?
they have three chambered hearts and a pulmocutaneous circuit
What is the benefit of the pulmocutaneous surface?
it brings blood to the skin for gas exchange to occur
Does filtration or reabsorption occur at the arterial end of capillaries and why?
filtration because the hydrostatic pressure of the blood out is greater than osmotic pressure in
Does filtration or reabsorption occur at the venous end of capillaries and why?
reabsorption because osmotic pressure in it greater than hydrostatic pressure out
