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MCAT Biology > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

Lymph Nodes function

A

filter lymph and help attack bacteria and viruses

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2
Q

Where are immune cells produced

A

bone marrow

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3
Q

Thymus

A

secretes thymosin - a hormone that stimulates pre T-cells to mature

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4
Q

Spleen

A

Storage Area for blood; filters blood and lymph

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5
Q

Adaptive Immunity lymphocytes

A

B-cells

T-cells

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6
Q

Nonspecific immune response

A

innate

can carry out response without learning

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7
Q

Types of Granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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8
Q

Types of Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes

moncytes

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9
Q

lymphocyte

A

type of Agranulocyte
responsible for antibody production
immune system modulation
targeted killing of infected cells

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10
Q

monocytes

A

type of Agranulocyte

phagocytes that travel the body picking up foreign and domestic debris

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11
Q

humoral immunity

A

specific immune response driven by B-cells and anti-bodies
antibodies from B-cells bind to antigens on invader
they destroy invader directly or target it for attack

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12
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

specific immune response driven by T-cells
T-cells recognize antigens displayed on cells
Some T-cells help to activate B-cells and other T-cells

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13
Q

autoimmunity

A

immune system fails to learn the distinction between self and foreign
attack self-antigens as if foreign

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14
Q

How are macrophages called to a site of inflammation

A

Through histamine and other chemicals

Histamine also vasodialates allowing macrophages to enter the tissue

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15
Q

Interferon

A

protein that prevents viral replication and dispersion

infected immune cells may produce it

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16
Q

Innate immune cells

A 
macrophage
mast cell
granulocyte
dedritic cell
natural killer cell
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17
Q

Adaptive immune cells

A

B-cell

T-cell

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18
Q

macrophage

A

innate immune cell that engulfs and consumes pathogen invaders

19
Q

mast cell

A

innate

releases histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation

20
Q

granulocyte

A

innate
neutrophils, eosinophil, basophil
tiny granules (bombs) in their interior

21
Q

dendritic cell

A

innate
presents antigens - fragments of protein or other molecules from pathogens or cancer cells- to adaptive immune cells, inducing the cells to attack bearers of the displayed antigens

22
Q

natural killer cell

A

innate

destroys body’s own cells that have become infected with pathogens; it also goes after cancer cells

23
Q

b-cell

A

adaptive

antigens simulate cell to divide and produce antibodies that neutralize invaders or tag them for killing

24
Q

t-cell

A

adaptive
killer t-cell
detects the presence of antigens in infected cell
other T-cells - such as helper and regulatory types - coordinate the immune response

25
Q

immunoglobulins

A

anti-bodies

26
Q

antibody shape

A

y-shaped
2 identical heavy chains
2 identical light chains

27
Q

antigen-binding region

A

region on tips of antibody’s Y-shape that binds to antigen

specific polypeptide sequences that bind to only 1 antigen

28
Q

constant region

A

involved in recruitment and binding of other immune modulators

29
Q

B-cell daughter types

A

Plasma cells

Memory cells

30
Q

plasma cells

A

B-cells that produces lots of anti-bodies

eventually die

31
Q

memory cells

A

B-cells
stay in lymph nodes
will use upon re-exposure to same antigen
may last lifetime of organism

32
Q

primary response

A

initial activation to exposure

takes 7 - 10 days

33
Q

secondary response

A

rapid and robust

34
Q

T-cell types

A

helper
suppressor
killer

35
Q

Helper t-cells

A

also called T4 cells
coordinate immune response
secrete lymphokines

36
Q

killer (cytotoxic) t-cells

A

kill virally infected cells by secreting toxic chemicals

37
Q

suppressor t-cells

A

tone down immune response once infection has been adequately contained

38
Q

immunosuppressants

A

drugs that can prevent activation of the immune system

39
Q

active immunity

A

immune system stimulated to produce antibodies

40
Q

passive immunity

A

given the anti-bodies directly

41
Q

lymphatic system

A

type of circulatory system
one way vessels that become larger as they move toward center of body (heart)
venous system
vessels carry lymphatic fluid and join to comprise a large thoracic duct in the chest

42
Q

lacteals

A

lymphatic vessels
collect fats in the form of chylomicrons from the villi in the small intestine
deliver them into bloodstream, bypassing liver

43
Q

lymph nodes

A

nodes with immune cells (primarily B-cells)

MCAT Biology (6 decks)

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