Immune responses to Infections Flashcards
Y2C1 2 question will be asked
Exp of extracellular bacteria & diseases they cause
fill the blanks given below
1)anthrax
2)lyme disease
3)botulism
4)tetanus
5)diptheria
6)hemorrhagic colitis
7)ulcers
8)bacterial meningitis
9)gonorrhea
10)food poisoning, toxic shock
11)strep throat, flesh-eating disease
12)pheumonia,otitis media
13)syphilis
14)cholera
15)severe diarrhea
1-a
2-b
3-c
4-d
5-e
6-f
7-g
8-h
9-j
10-k
11-l
12-m
13-n
14-o
15-p
____are products of bacterial cell walls
____are actively secreated toxins
endotoxin
exotoxin
Exotoxins:specs
__toxic
interfere w/ cell function w/o____
induce____production
cytotoxic
death
cytokine
ımmunity to extracellular bacteria:Innate immunity
____activation
____cytosis
_____response
complement
phagocytosis
Inflammatory
Immunity to extracellular bacteria:adaptive
____response(ab production)
__cells
humoral
Th
Innate immunity to extracellular bacteria:complement pathways
3 types exist
lysis by____
_____phagocytosis
classical
alternative
lectin pathway
MAC
opsonized phagocytosis
complement ways:specs
classical has___complex
alternative has gr+______,gr-_____
lectin has_____
antigen-antibody
peptodoglycan, LPS
mannose
macrophages___cells and waits for_____
If macrophage recognizes cell process cannot be stopped
engulf
activation
macrophage activation
1)macrophage bacterial constituent receptors initiate release of____and small____mediators of inflammation
2)macrophage engulf and digest bacteria which they bind
cytokines
lipid mediators
macrophages activated by___cells via IFN___
natural killer
IFN gamma
macrophage activation
Activated macrophage upragulate MHC class___for antigen presentation
class II
macrophage activation
hyperactivated macrophage
direct signal from____
grow larger,increase phago___
secrete____factor
signal from invader
increase phagocytosis
Tumor necrosis factor
Antibody functions
neutralization
______and___receptor mediated phagocytosis
phagocytosis of__coated bacteria
Inflammation
lysis of microbe
opsonization & Fc receptor
C3b-coated bacteria
opsonization increase affinity of antibodies to bind pathogens
B cell activation via___&___antigen
Ti & Td
Td>bacterial protein
Ti>bacterial polysaccharide
What happens after activation of B cells via Ti ag?
Plasma cell gets stimulated
IgM synthesis begins
B cell activation
after Td cell activation
cytokines from___cells helps plasma cell to produce Ig__&___
Th2 cells
IgM&G
IgM>to____
IgG>to____system
M to tissues
G to vascular system
CD___&_____induce B cell to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells w/o specific antibody
CD40L & cytokines
neutralizing antibodies physically prevent bacteria from attaching to____cell surfaces
host cell surfaces
____are antibodies made aganist bacterial exotoxins
antitoxins
antibodies can also serve as opsonins which is ?
coats bacteria or pathogens & marks them for immune cells fot destruction
CD4+ Th cells
secrete____,____&other cytokines which causes inflammation
IL-17
TNF
endotoxic shock
exposure to large ammounts of LPS induces activated macrophages to produce massive amounts of_____factor
tumor necrosis factor
endotoxic shock
high con of TNF stimulate active macrophages to over produce____
IL-1
endotoxic shock
IL-1 amplifies LPS-induced production of IL___&___
IL-6, 8
evasion strategies of extracellular bacteria:avoiding antibodies
alter expression of____molecules
secrete_____proteases
surface
anti-Ig proteases
evasion strategies of extracellular bacteria:avoiding phagocytosis
block binding of phagocyte receptors to bacterial___
hide temporarily in_____
Inject bacterial protein thah distrups____function
bacterial capsule
non-phagocytes
phagocyte function
evasion strategies of extracellular bacteria:avoiding complement
Prevent___binding by lack of suitable surface protein,___degradation
prevent___formation
Inactivate various steps of_____cascade
Induce host production of____isotypes that are poor complement-fixers
C3b degradation
MAC formation
complement cascade
antibody isotypes
