Immune Disorders 1 -Inflammation Flashcards
What is the first line of defense?
The skin
What is the second line of defense?
Inflammation
What is homeostasis?
State of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body or organism
What happens if you can’t maintain homeostasis?
Death and/or illness
What is the inflammatory response?
Sequential rxn to cell injury
Neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent
Removes necrotic material
Establishes an environment for healing and repair
What happens in the vascular response?
Increased capillary permeability and vasodilation
What happens in cellular response?
There is a release of phagocytic cells and migration of WBCs toward site of injury
What are the three pro-inflammatory mediators?
Prostaglandins
Histamine
Cytokines
What manifestations do you expect with prostaglandin release?
Inc. blood flow
inc. edema
inc. pain receptors stimulation to neurological system
inc. capillary permeability
Why is vasodilation important? (Good)
It can dilute and clear out debris
Why is vasodilation important (Bad)
If there systemic vasodilation caused by chemical mediators happens too quick there can be symptoms of dehydration and not enough blood to pump to body
What is the nickname for the cytokines and why?
“Communication network” They get all the WBCs to leave bone marrow and go to site of injury to clear debris
What does a “shift to the left mean”?
Bone marrow releases baby neutrophils (bands) because there is a need for more neutrophils because of infection
What is exudate?
Fluid coming out of a wound
Describe serous exudate
Clear fluid
Ex. a blister
Describe seroussanguineous exudate
Fluid with RBCs (punch colored)
ex. found post-op
Describe Fibrinous exudate
Thick, jello-like
Can be clear/not clear
Happens because of inc. in vascular permeability
Describe Hemorrhagic exudate
Bloody secretions because of broken capillaries
Red flag!
Describe Purulent (pus) exudate
Lots of WBCs, liquified dead cells, infectious drainage
Odorous, crazy color
Describe Catarrhal exudate
Found in mucous tissue
ex. runny nose associated with inc. in respiratory infection
What is systemic inflammation response?
Inflammation that occurs to the whole body/system
What is the systemic vasodilation response?
inc. heart rate
dec. b/p
hypotensive
need to replace fluid vol
What are the S&S of LOCAL inflammation?
Rubor/redness calor/heat tumor/swelling dolor/pain loss of function
What are the S&S of SYSTEMIC inflammation?
General malaise General fatigue Loss of wellbeing Fever Dec. b/p because of vasodilation Inc. heart rate Inc. leukocytes Pain Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
What is a C-Reactive Protein test?
It measures the amount of protein in the blood
If C-RP levels are high it means there is a chronic infection
