Immune Disorders 1 -Inflammation

Question 1

What is the first line of defense?

Answer 1

The skin

Question 2

What is the second line of defense?

Answer 2

Inflammation

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

State of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body or organism

Question 4

What happens if you can’t maintain homeostasis?

Answer 4

Death and/or illness

Question 5

What is the inflammatory response?

Answer 5

Sequential rxn to cell injury
Neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent
Removes necrotic material
Establishes an environment for healing and repair

Question 6

What happens in the vascular response?

Answer 6

Increased capillary permeability and vasodilation

Question 7

What happens in cellular response?

Answer 7

There is a release of phagocytic cells and migration of WBCs toward site of injury

Question 8

What are the three pro-inflammatory mediators?

Answer 8

Prostaglandins
Histamine
Cytokines

Question 9

What manifestations do you expect with prostaglandin release?

Answer 9

Inc. blood flow

inc. edema
inc. pain receptors stimulation to neurological system
inc. capillary permeability

Question 10

Why is vasodilation important? (Good)

Answer 10

It can dilute and clear out debris

Question 11

Why is vasodilation important (Bad)

Answer 11

If there systemic vasodilation caused by chemical mediators happens too quick there can be symptoms of dehydration and not enough blood to pump to body

Question 12

What is the nickname for the cytokines and why?

Answer 12

“Communication network” They get all the WBCs to leave bone marrow and go to site of injury to clear debris

Question 13

What does a “shift to the left mean”?

Answer 13

Bone marrow releases baby neutrophils (bands) because there is a need for more neutrophils because of infection

Question 14

What is exudate?

Answer 14

Fluid coming out of a wound

Question 15

Describe serous exudate

Answer 15

Clear fluid

Ex. a blister

Question 16

Describe seroussanguineous exudate

Answer 16

Fluid with RBCs (punch colored)

ex. found post-op

Question 17

Describe Fibrinous exudate

Answer 17

Thick, jello-like
Can be clear/not clear

Happens because of inc. in vascular permeability

Question 18

Describe Hemorrhagic exudate

Answer 18

Bloody secretions because of broken capillaries

Red flag!

Question 19

Describe Purulent (pus) exudate

Answer 19

Lots of WBCs, liquified dead cells, infectious drainage

Odorous, crazy color

Question 20

Describe Catarrhal exudate

Answer 20

Found in mucous tissue

ex. runny nose associated with inc. in respiratory infection

Question 21

What is systemic inflammation response?

Answer 21

Inflammation that occurs to the whole body/system

Question 22

What is the systemic vasodilation response?

Answer 22

inc. heart rate
dec. b/p
hypotensive
need to replace fluid vol

Question 23

What are the S&S of LOCAL inflammation?

Answer 23

Rubor/redness
calor/heat
tumor/swelling
dolor/pain
loss of function

Question 24

What are the S&S of SYSTEMIC inflammation?

Answer 24

General malaise
General fatigue
Loss of wellbeing
Fever
Dec. b/p because of vasodilation
Inc. heart rate
Inc. leukocytes
Pain
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 25

What is a C-Reactive Protein test?

Answer 25

It measures the amount of protein in the blood

If C-RP levels are high it means there is a chronic infection