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Pathology > immune diseases csv > Flashcards

immune diseases csv Flashcards

1
Q

Type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE mediated, TH2, Mast Cells, Rapid response

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4
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

anti-body mediated, IgM and IgG,

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7
Q

Type III hypersensitivity

A

IgG and IgM anti-bodies bind antigen forming complexes

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11
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity

A

cell mediated

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13
Q

Allergies, what type + examples

A

Type I, includes food allergies, hay fever, bronchial asthma,

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14
Q

Histamine causes

A

causes smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability, mucus secretion

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15
Q

The most vasoactive & spasmogenic mediators

A

Leukotriene C4 & D4, increase vascular permeability and bronchial contraction

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16
Q

Prostaglandin D2

A

most abundant mediator produced by cyclooxygenase pathway, causes intense bronchospasms & mucus secretion

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17
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity diseases

A

Anaphylactic shock,

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19
Q

Opsonization & Phagocytosis in transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Type II Hypersensitivity,

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22
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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24
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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25
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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28
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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31
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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34
Q

Graves disease

A

Type II hypersensitivity

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37
Q

Insulin resistant diabetes

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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40
Q

Vascular rejection of organ grafts

A

Type II hypersensitivity

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41
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus

A

Type III hypersensitivity

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44
Q

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

Type III hypersensitivity

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47
Q

Morphology of Type III hypersensitivity

A

acute necrotizing vasculitis

50
Q

Define angioedema, what type of reaction is it

A

swelling of cutaneous or mucosal structures

52
Q

Type II hypersensitivity mechanism

A

complement fixing antibodies react with integral components of target cells

55
Q

Clinical examples of Type II

A

Anti-body mediated

58
Q

Is complement involved in Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity?

A

No Fc receptor bound leukocytes use their cytotoxic granules

59
Q

What is over stimulated in graves disease?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor of the thyroid follicular cells

60
Q

Does Type III Hypersensitivity involve complement?

A

Yes antigen-antibody complexes bind complement resulting in inflammatory response & lysosome release

61
Q

Can type III hypersensitivity reactions involve thrombosis

A

Yes, Factor XII (Hageman’s Factor) can be activated initiating the intrinsic pathway of coagulation

62
Q

Clinical examples of Type III hypersensitivity

A

Serum sickness, deposition of complexes in many sites

66
Q

Clinical examples of Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

Tuberculin reaction

69
Q

If the reaction takes a while which type of hypersensitivity would you expect?

A

Type IV, delayed reaction

72
Q

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

A

clinically manifests after 6 mos

76
Q

X linked agammaglobulinemia can’t produce what type of cell

A

plasma B cells

78
Q

How do Lymph tissues look in agammaglobulinemia

A

they lack or have poorly defined germinal centers

79
Q

What are x-linked agammaglobulinemia patients vulnerable to?

A

recurrent bacterial infections

81
Q

What do x-linked agammaglobulinemia patients retain resistance to?

A

Viral and fungal infections with the exception of

83
Q

DiGeorge’s syndrome

A

Thymic hypoplasia, congenital T cell deficiency

85
Q

SCID’s has a deficiency of what type of cells?

A

Both B & T cells

86
Q

What antibodies are diagnostic of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A

Antibodies to double Stranded DNA and antibodies to Smith (Sm) antigen

87
Q

What are the 4 categories of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)?

A

1) antibodies to DNA 2) antibodies to histones 3) antibodies to non-histone proteins bound to RNA 3) antibodies to nucleolar antigens

88
Q

What are the 4 basic patterns of nuclear staining in immunoflorescence and what does each indicate?

A

1) homogeneous or diffuse nuclear staining - antibodies to chromatin, histones, double stranded DNA (occasionally) 2) rim or peripheral staining - antibodies to double stranded DNA 3) speckled pattern (most common, least specific)- non-DNA nuclear constituents- i.e. Sm, ribonucleoprotein, SS-A, SS-A 4) nucleolar pattern -RNA (typically in systemic sclerosis)

89
Q

What are the immunological factors of SLE

A

Defective elimination of self reactive B cells in bone marrow

CD4+ Tcells specific for nucleosomal antibodies

activation of B cels by engagement of TLRs by DNA/RNA contained in immune complexes

Type I interferons produced by DCs (self-nucleic acids mimic microbial counterparts)

Increased production of TNF and BAFF

90
Q

Environmental factor in SLE

A

UV light (stimulation pf IL-1 production)

Sex hormones

Drugs (i.e. hydrazaline, procainamide, D-enicillamine)

91
Q

What are the two most important immunological markers in Sjogren Syndrome?

A

SS-A (Ro)

SS-B (La)

92
Q

What are the three main characteristics of systemic sclerosis?

A

1) chronic inflammation due to autoimmunity
2) widespread damage to blood vessels
3) progressive interstitial and perivascular fibrosis

93
Q

What is CREST syndrome

A

Calcinosis

Reynaud’s Phenomenon

Esophageal dysmotility

Sclerodactyly

Telangiectasia

94
Q

What is amyloid?

A

A pathologic proteinaceous substance deposited in the extracellular spacr in various tissues and organs

95
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

A group of disease having in common the deposition of similar appearing proteins

96
Q

What are the major forms of amyloid and from where are they derived?

A

1) AL (amyloid light chain) - derived from Ig light chain
2) AA (amyloid-associated) - derived from unique non-Ig proteins synthesized by the liver
3) AB amyloid - produced from beta amyloidprecursor protein (found in cerebral lesions on Alzheimer’s patients)

97
Q

What is the pathogenesis of amyloidosis?

A

Abnormal folding of proteins which are deposited as fibrils in extracellular tissues and disrupt normal function

98
Q

What are the three clinical classifications of amyloidosis?

A

Primary - (associated with immunocyte disorder)

Secondary - (complication of underlying inflammation)

Familial

99
Q
A

Pathology (5 decks)

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