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immune diseases csv Flashcards

1
Q

Type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE mediated, TH2, Mast Cells, Rapid response

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4
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

anti-body mediated, IgM and IgG,

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7
Q

Type III hypersensitivity

A

IgG and IgM anti-bodies bind antigen forming complexes

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11
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity

A

cell mediated

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13
Q

Allergies, what type + examples

A

Type I, includes food allergies, hay fever, bronchial asthma,

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14
Q

Histamine causes

A

causes smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability, mucus secretion

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15
Q

The most vasoactive & spasmogenic mediators

A

Leukotriene C4 & D4, increase vascular permeability and bronchial contraction

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16
Q

Prostaglandin D2

A

most abundant mediator produced by cyclooxygenase pathway, causes intense bronchospasms & mucus secretion

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17
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity diseases

A

Anaphylactic shock,

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19
Q

Opsonization & Phagocytosis in transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Type II Hypersensitivity,

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22
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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24
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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25
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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28
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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31
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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34
Q

Graves disease

A

Type II hypersensitivity

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37
Q

Insulin resistant diabetes

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

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40
Q

Vascular rejection of organ grafts

A

Type II hypersensitivity

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41
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus

A

Type III hypersensitivity

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44
Q

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

Type III hypersensitivity

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47
Q

Morphology of Type III hypersensitivity

A

acute necrotizing vasculitis

50
Q

Define angioedema, what type of reaction is it

A

swelling of cutaneous or mucosal structures

52
Q

Type II hypersensitivity mechanism

A

complement fixing antibodies react with integral components of target cells

55
Q

Clinical examples of Type II

A

Anti-body mediated

58
Is complement involved in Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity?
No Fc receptor bound leukocytes use their cytotoxic granules
59
What is over stimulated in graves disease?
Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor of the thyroid follicular cells
60
Does Type III Hypersensitivity involve complement?
Yes antigen-antibody complexes bind complement resulting in inflammatory response & lysosome release
61
Can type III hypersensitivity reactions involve thrombosis
Yes, Factor XII (Hageman's Factor) can be activated initiating the intrinsic pathway of coagulation
62
Clinical examples of Type III hypersensitivity
Serum sickness, deposition of complexes in many sites
66
Clinical examples of Type IV Hypersensitivity
Tuberculin reaction
69
If the reaction takes a while which type of hypersensitivity would you expect?
Type IV, delayed reaction
72
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
clinically manifests after 6 mos
76
X linked agammaglobulinemia can't produce what type of cell
plasma B cells
78
How do Lymph tissues look in agammaglobulinemia
they lack or have poorly defined germinal centers
79
What are x-linked agammaglobulinemia patients vulnerable to?
recurrent bacterial infections
81
What do x-linked agammaglobulinemia patients retain resistance to?
Viral and fungal infections with the exception of
83
DiGeorge's syndrome
Thymic hypoplasia, congenital T cell deficiency
85
SCID's has a deficiency of what type of cells?
Both B & T cells
86
What antibodies are diagnostic of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Antibodies to double Stranded DNA and antibodies to Smith (Sm) antigen
87
What are the 4 categories of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)?
1) antibodies to DNA 2) antibodies to histones 3) antibodies to non-histone proteins bound to RNA 3) antibodies to nucleolar antigens
88
What are the 4 basic patterns of nuclear staining in immunoflorescence and what does each indicate?
1) homogeneous or diffuse nuclear staining - antibodies to chromatin, histones, double stranded DNA (occasionally) 2) rim or peripheral staining - antibodies to double stranded DNA 3) speckled pattern (most common, least specific)- non-DNA nuclear constituents- i.e. Sm, ribonucleoprotein, SS-A, SS-A 4) nucleolar pattern -RNA (typically in systemic sclerosis)
89
What are the immunological factors of SLE
Defective elimination of self reactive B cells in bone marrow CD4+ Tcells specific for nucleosomal antibodies activation of B cels by engagement of TLRs by DNA/RNA contained in immune complexes Type I interferons produced by DCs (self-nucleic acids mimic microbial counterparts) Increased production of TNF and BAFF
90
Environmental factor in SLE
UV light (stimulation pf IL-1 production) Sex hormones Drugs (i.e. hydrazaline, procainamide, D-enicillamine)
91
What are the two most important immunological markers in Sjogren Syndrome?
SS-A (Ro) SS-B (La)
92
What are the three main characteristics of systemic sclerosis?
1) chronic inflammation due to autoimmunity 2) widespread damage to blood vessels 3) progressive interstitial and perivascular fibrosis
93
What is CREST syndrome
**C**alcinosis **R**eynaud's Phenomenon **E**sophageal dysmotility **S**clerodactyly **T**elangiectasia
94
What is amyloid?
A pathologic proteinaceous substance deposited in the extracellular spacr in various tissues and organs
95
What is amyloidosis?
A group of disease having in common the deposition of similar appearing proteins
96
What are the major forms of amyloid and from where are they derived?
1) AL (amyloid light chain) - derived from Ig light chain 2) AA (amyloid-associated) - derived from unique non-Ig proteins synthesized by the liver 3) AB amyloid - produced from beta amyloidprecursor protein (found in cerebral lesions on Alzheimer's patients)
97
What is the pathogenesis of amyloidosis?
Abnormal folding of proteins which are deposited as fibrils in extracellular tissues and disrupt normal function
98
What are the three clinical classifications of amyloidosis?
Primary - (associated with immunocyte disorder) Secondary - (complication of underlying inflammation) Familial
99

Pathology (5 decks)

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