Immune & Chemotherapy (final exam)

Question 1

Glucocorticoids

Answer 1

Prednisone
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Triamcinolone
Methylprednisolone
Fluticasone

Question 2

Antimetabolites

Answer 2

Azathioprine
Mycophenolate mofetil
Leflunomide

Question 3

T-cell inhibitors

Answer 3

Cyclosporine

Tacrolimus

Question 4

Alkylating agents

Answer 4

Cyclophosphamide

Chlorambucil

Question 5

Therapy is more effective in what age group?

Answer 5

Young animals

Question 6

Therapy goals

Answer 6

Treat condition
Immunosuppression
Immunomodulation
Immunoregulation

Question 7

Effects of immunosuppressive drugs

Answer 7

Risk of secondary infection
Organ damage
Increased cancer risk

Question 8

What is the main drug group used for immunosuppression?

Answer 8

Glucocorticoids

Question 9

Dosage of prednisone/prednisolone administration

Answer 9

“High dose”

2-4mg/kg/day

Question 10

Side effects of glucocorticoids

Answer 10

PU/PD/PP/Panting
GI ulceration
Renal or hepatic damage
Atypical infection

Question 11

Main clinical uses of glucocorticoids

Answer 11

Replacement therapy
Anti-inflammatory therapy
Immunosuppressive therapy

Question 12

Antimetabolites mechanism of action

Answer 12

Impair nuclei acid synthesis (DNA) in rapidly dividing cells

Block signaling and proliferation of T-cells

Question 13

Azathioprine

Answer 13

Oral only
2+ weeks for maximum effect
Used with prednisone for “steroid-sparing” effect
Contraindicated in cats (hepatic and bone marrow toxicity)

Question 14

Mycophenolate mofetil

Answer 14

Used in refractory autoimmune disease

Rapid onset

Question 15

Leflunomide indication

Answer 15

Refractory cases

When glucocorticoids are contraindicated (Cushing’s or diabetes mellitus)

Question 16

T-cell inhibitors mechanism of action

Answer 16

Block gene transcription for T-cell activation
Reduce proliferation
Reduce cytokine production

Question 17

Cyclosporine

Answer 17

Inhibits calcineurin
Primarily used in dogs
Atopic dermatitis
Ophthalmic formulation (KCS, dry eye)

Question 18

Tacrolimus

Answer 18

Topical ointment
Primarily used in dogs
Anal furunculosis
Perianal fistulas
Atopic dermatitis

Question 19

Alkylating agents mechanism of action

Answer 19

Suppress cell-mediated and humoral immunity

Prevent DNA separation

Question 20

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 20

Cytotoxic agent
Primarily used in chemotherapy protocols
Side effect: hemorrhagic cystitis

Question 21

Chlorambucil

Answer 21

Less toxic than cyclophosphamide
Primarily used in cats
Immune-mediated disease
Indicated instead of azathioprine

Question 22

True/False: Chemotherapy protocols utilize single drugs because of their high toxic potential.

Answer 22

False

Multi-drug protocols are often used

Question 23

What is metronomic chemotherapy and when is it used?

Answer 23

Lower drug doses over longer time period
Anti-angiogenic effects
More convenient for at-home administration

Question 24

Chemotherapy classified drugs

Answer 24

Alkylating agents
Cyclophosphamide
Chlorambucil

Question 25

What phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites target?

Answer 25

S Phase

DNA synthesis

Question 26

What phase of the cell cycle do alkylating agents target?

Answer 26

Not phase specific