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RUSVM Pharmacology > Diuretics (final exam) > Flashcards

Diuretics (final exam) Flashcards

1
Q

What are diuretics?

A

Increase urine flow rate

Increase Na+ excretion

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2
Q

Non-pharmacological diuresis

A

Diuresis achieved through fluid therapy, NaCl administration, free water administration
Increase GFR

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3
Q

Pharmacological diuresis treats

A

Generalized edema

Localized edema

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4
Q

Other uses of pharmacological diuresis

A

Treat hypercalcemia

Promote renal toxin excretion

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5
Q

Classifications of diuretic drugs

A 
Based on mechanism, site of action in kidney
Osmotic diuretics
Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
K+ sparing diuretics
Carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors
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6
Q

Osmotic diuretic mechanism of action

A

Filtered at glomerulus and poorly reabsorbed

Act as osmolytes in proximal tubule

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7
Q

Mannitol uses

A

Cerebral edema

Glaucoma

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8
Q

Mannitol pharmacokinetics

A

IV administration only

Rapid renal excretion

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9
Q

Mannitol precautions

A

Use only in euhydrated (normal) patients

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10
Q

Loop diuretics mechanism of action

A

Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter in thick ascending loop of Henle
K+ excretion and H+ secretion

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11
Q

Which group of diuretics is most effective?

A

Loop diuretics

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12
Q

What is the drug of choice in treating cardiogenic pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure?

A

Furosemide

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13
Q

Furosemide mechanism of action

A

Loop diuretic

Na/Cl/K/H+ excretion

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14
Q

Furosemide adverse effects

A 
Acute hypovolemia
Hypotension
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Systemic metabolic alkalosis
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15
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide mechanism of action

A

Inhibits Na+/Cl- symporter in distal convoluted tubule
Inhibits K+ and Mg+ reabsorption
Increases Ca+ reabsorption

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16
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide uses

A

Treat hypertension
Treat calcium nephrolithiasis
Treat symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Adjunct treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure

17
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide contraindications

A

Severe renal disease

Hypercalcemia

18
Q

Spironolactone mechanism of action

A

K+ sparing diuretic
Aldosterone receptor antagonist in distal tubule
Retention of K+ and H+

19
Q

Spironolactone uses

A

Adjunct edema treatment

Treat hyperaldosteronism

20
Q

Spironolactone pharmacokinetics

A

Slow onset of action

Oral administration

21
Q

Spironolactone adverse effects

A

Hyperkalemia
System acidosis
Reproductive effects

22
Q

Acetazolamide mechanism of action

A

Inhibits H+ exchange in proximal tubule

Lower intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor formation

23
Q

Acetazolamide uses

A

Treat open-angle glaucoma
Adjunct diuretic
Weak systemic diuretic effects

24
Q

Acetazolamide pharmacokinetics

A

Eliminated via kidneys

Oral administration

25
Q

Acetazolamide adverse effects

A

Mild systemic acidosis
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia

RUSVM Pharmacology (6 decks)

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