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RUSVM Pharmacology > Equine GI (final exam) > Flashcards

Equine GI (final exam) Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid therapy route of administration

A

Enteral or IV

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2
Q

H2 antagonist indication

A

Gastric ulcers

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3
Q

H2 antagonists

A

Climetidine
Ranitidine
Nizatidine
Famotidine

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4
Q

H+ pump inhibitor

A

Omeprazole, inhibits HCl secretion

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5
Q

Mucosal Protectants

A

Aluminum hydroxide
Sucralfate
Misoprostal
(Can cause abortions in mares)

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6
Q

Cholinergic agonist

A

Bethanechol (gastric prokinetic, M3 receptor)

Chronic administration in horses with pyloric fibrosis and stenosis

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7
Q

Bethanechol adverse effects

A 
Diarrhea
Inappetence
Colic
Excessive salivation
(SLUDD)
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8
Q

Neostigmine indication

A

Small intestine ileus

Inhibits cholinesterase

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9
Q

Benzamides

A

Metoclopramide

Cisapride

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10
Q

Metoclopramide mechanism

A

Anti-dopaminergic (CNS and PNS)

Stimulates cholinergic receptors (directly and indirectly)

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11
Q

Cisapride mechanism

A

Indirect cholinergic stimulation, increases acetylcholine

Increases GI intestinal motility

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12
Q

Dopamine antagonist + mechanism

A

Domperidone

Increases GI transit time

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13
Q

Macrolide antimicrobial + mechanism

A

Erythromycin

Motilin receptor agonist at presynaptic terminal

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14
Q

Local anesthetic + indication

A 
Lidocaine
Ileus (IV treatment, equine)
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15
Q

Adrenergic receptor antagonists

A

Acepromazine

Yohimbine

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16
Q

Esophageal impaction treatment

A

Detomidine
Acepromazine
Xylazine + Butorphanol
Mineral oil is contraindicated

17
Q

Esophagitis + treatment

A

Typically associated with megaesophagus
Metoclopramide
Bethanechol

18
Q

Oxytocin effect on esophageal muscle

A

Relaxant effect

19
Q

When is gastric pH lowest?

A

Foals not nursing

Adults not eating

20
Q

What can be used to alleviate discomfort from gastric ulcers?

A 
H2 antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Aluminum hydroxide
Sucralfate
Misoprostol
21
Q

What drugs are used to treat gastric reflux?

A

Prokinetic drugs
Bethanechol
Metoclopramide

22
Q

What can be used to treat gastric impactions?

A 
Mineral oil
Epsom salts
Psyllium
Water
Dioctyl Sodium Succinate (DSS), can be administered via nasogastric tube
23
Q

What drugs can be used to treat duodenitis?

A 
IV fluids (electrolyte balance)
Flunixin meglumine
Antimicrobials
Prokinetics
Decompress stomach frequently
24
Q

Treatment for inflammatory enteritis:

A

Dexamethasone (once daily)

Fluids if necessary

25
Q

Treatment of lawsonia intracellularis associated proliferative enteropathy:

A

Oxytetracycline most commonly used

26
Q

Treatment of rhodococcus equi associated proliferative enteropathy:

A

Erythromycin + rifampin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

27
Q

Treatment of sand colic:

A

Psyllium (laxative)

Mineral oil

28
Q

Treatment of nephrosplenic ligament entrapment:

A

Phenylephrine (a1 agonist)

Anesthetize in right lateral recumbency, roll to dorsal recumbency

29
Q

Treatment of potomac horse fever:

A

Oxytetracycline
Fluid therapy
NSAIDs
Hyperimmune plasma/endoserum beneficial

30
Q

Treatment of enteric pythiosis:

A

Organic iodides (orally)

31
Q

Treatment of pyloric stenosis:

A

Bethanechol

Acid-suppression may be needed

32
Q

Drugs used to decrease GI motility:

A

Atropine (anticholinergics)
Mu opioid agonists
a2 adrenergic agonists

33
Q

Treatment of ileus:

A 
Prokinetic drugs
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Analgesics
Decompression of stomach
Fluids
34
Q

Management of endotoxemia:

A 
Endoserum, protects against 99% of gram-negative bacteria
Polymixin B (broad spectrum antibiotic)
Flunixin meglumine (NSAID)
Heparin
35
Q

Side effects of polymixin B

A

Respiratory paralysis

Nephrotoxicity

36
Q

Side effects of flunixin meglumine

A

Gastric ulceration
Colitis
Renal papillary necrosis
Impaired GI motility

37
Q

Management of GI pain

A

NSAIDs (flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone, ketoprofen)
Lidocaine
Butorphanol (visceral analgesic)
Buscopan

RUSVM Pharmacology (6 decks)

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