IMMS anatomy session 4 - intro to cardio and care of cadaver

Question 1

what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

can structures pass between the thorax and abdomen

Answer 2

yes there are openings in the diaphragm

Question 3

how many ribs are there

Answer 3

12 pairs, along with a sternum and thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

what does the ribcage do

Answer 4

protect the thoracic organs, provides attachment for muscles of breathing and muscles that move the upper limbs

Question 5

what is the sternum composed of

Answer 5

manubrium - superior part
body - inferior to the manubrium
xiphoid process (or xiphisternum) - inferior to the body

Question 6

what does the manubrium articulate with

Answer 6

the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint

Question 7

the superior border of the manubrium has a notch in it what is its name

Answer 7

the suprasternal (jugular) notch

Question 8

what is the point at which the manubrium and body articulate called

Answer 8

the manubriosternal joint, also known as the sternal angle or angle of louis

Question 9

what are the anterior parts of the ribs composed of

Answer 9

costal cartilage - give thoracic cage ‘springiness’

Question 10

what is the place where the ribs articulate with the costal cartilage called

Answer 10

costochondral joints

Question 11

what is the place where the costal cartilage of the upper ribs articulate with the sternum

Answer 11

sternocostal joints

Question 12

what is the place called where the ribs articulate posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 12

costovertebral joints

Question 13

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

Answer 13

12

Question 14

where do the thoracic vertebrae articulate

Answer 14

at the intervertebral joints and with the posterior parts of the ribs at the costovertebral joints

Question 15

what is the name of the heart muscle

Answer 15

myocardium

Question 16

what increases and decrases the heart rate

Answer 16

sympathetic stimulation increases it and parasympathetic decreases it

Question 17

what are the 2 types of valve

Answer 17

atrioventricular (between atrium and ventricles) and semi-lunar (between the ventricles and large blood vessels

Question 18

what are the blood vessels that supply the heart called

Answer 18

coronary

Question 19

how many lobes dos the right lung have

Answer 19

3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

Question 20

how many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 20

2 lobes (upper and lower)

Question 21

what separates the lobes in the lungs

Answer 21

fissures

Question 22

what vessels serve each lung

Answer 22

one pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, one main bronchus

Question 23

difference between trachea and bronchi compared to broncioles

Answer 23

they are larger in diameter and they contain smooth muscle and cartilage whereas bronchioles only contain smooth muscle

Question 24

what do sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation cause

Answer 24

sympathetic = bronchodilation
parasympathetic = bronchoconstriction

Question 25

what are the three main clinical examinations

Answer 25

looking, feeling, listening

Question 26

where is the sternal angle from the outside

Answer 26

it lies at the same level as the second ribs - so you can then count the rest of the ribs from here

Question 27

what does palpate mean

Answer 27

examine

Question 28

what are the different coordinate points used to indentify an area in the ribs (imagine lines being drawn down the thorax) compared to the midline/sternum

Answer 28

• midsternal - down the middle of the sternum
• midclavicular line - line drawn inferiorly from the midpoint of the clavicle
• anterior axillary line - drawn inferiorly from the anterior axilla (armpit)
• midaxillary line - drawn inferiorly from the middle of the axilla
• posterior axillary line - drawn inferiorly from the posterior axilla
• Scapula line - drawn inferiorly through the scapula
• Midvertebral line (posterior) - drawn straight down along the spinous processes of the vertebrae