Histology practical 4 IMMS - blood and nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lumen bounded by

A

layer of squamous epithelial cells on a basement membrane

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2
Q

what is outside of the epithelium

A

the intima (consists of the endothelium, connective tissue (collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and other extracellular matrix molecules), and a basal layer of elastic tissue called internal elastic lamina)

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3
Q

what is outside of the intima

A

the media - comprised of smooth muscle, fibroblasts, collagen and elastin, this is then bound by the external elastic lamina

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4
Q

what is outside of the media

A

the adventitia (connective tissue composed of collagen and elastin)

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5
Q

what are large arteries near the heart usually classified as

A

elastic arteries

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6
Q

what are arteries further from the heart classified as

A

muscular arteries - these have some elastin sheets in the media

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7
Q

how many muscle layers in an arteriole

A

3 or fewer (and less than 100um)

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8
Q

what are capillaries comprised of

A

only the vascular endothelium cells on the basement membrane as they dont have a media, adventitia, intima, external or internal elastic lamina

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9
Q

what are the cells that manage the size of the capillaries

A

pericytes

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10
Q

what is it called when the vascular endothelium in the capillaries isn’t complete

A

fenestrated - material can leave circulation - often found in kidneys and liver

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11
Q

what are veins and venules missing that arteries have

A

external elastic lamina, they also have a larger lumen and smaller media and valves

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12
Q

do venules have pericytes

A

yes they have a continual layer wrapped around them, as they get larger the pericytes are replaced with smooth muscle

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13
Q

how can the smooth muscle in the walls of veins be arranged

A

circumferentially or longitudinally

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14
Q

what do lymphatics contain and what are they comprised of

A

valves like veins, lymph (derived from blood plasma). they are comprised of collagen, elastic fibres and smooth muscle

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15
Q

are peripheral nerves myelinated

A

yes most are, this is done by the schwann cells which produce the myelin

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16
Q

what is present between individual axons

A

endoneurium

17
Q

what binds axons together to form nerve fibres

A

perineurium

18
Q

what binds nerve fibres together to form a peripheral nerve

A

epineurium

19
Q

nerves and blood vessels are often found together, what is this called

A

neurovascular bundle

20
Q

what is the CNS version of schwann cells

A

oligodendrocytes

21
Q

what cells produce the myelin in the PNS

A

schwann cells

22
Q

how many axons per schwann cell and how many schwann cells per axon

A

only one axon per schwann cell but the number of schwann cells per axon depends on its length

23
Q

what is the difference between myelinated and non-myelinated axons

A

at any one point on a myelinated axon there is one schwann cell but on a non-myelinated axon there is more than one schwann cell associated with the axon at any one point

24
Q

where are the cell bodies of motor neurones

A

in the grey matter of the spinal cord

25
where are the cell bodies of sensory neurones
in the dorsal root ganglion
26
where are the cell bodies of sympathetic neurons
in the grey matter of the spinal cord and in the adjacent sympathetic ganglia
27
where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic neurons
in the brain and local ganglia
28
what kind of stain is best for seeing myelin sheath and axons
sliver stain
29
what do silver stains have an affinity for
elements of cytoskeleton of cells
30
what does multi polar mean
the nerve cell has more than 2 axonal processes
31
what does bipolar mean
the nerve cell has 2 axonal processes
32
what does unipolar mean
the nerve cell has 1 axonal process
33
what does pseudo-unipolar mean
it appears to have only 1 axonal process