Histology practical 4 IMMS - blood and nerves

Question 1

what is the lumen bounded by

Answer 1

layer of squamous epithelial cells on a basement membrane

Question 2

what is outside of the epithelium

Answer 2

the intima (consists of the endothelium, connective tissue (collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and other extracellular matrix molecules), and a basal layer of elastic tissue called internal elastic lamina)

Question 3

what is outside of the intima

Answer 3

the media - comprised of smooth muscle, fibroblasts, collagen and elastin, this is then bound by the external elastic lamina

Question 4

what is outside of the media

Answer 4

the adventitia (connective tissue composed of collagen and elastin)

Question 5

what are large arteries near the heart usually classified as

Answer 5

elastic arteries

Question 6

what are arteries further from the heart classified as

Answer 6

muscular arteries - these have some elastin sheets in the media

Question 7

how many muscle layers in an arteriole

Answer 7

3 or fewer (and less than 100um)

Question 8

what are capillaries comprised of

Answer 8

only the vascular endothelium cells on the basement membrane as they dont have a media, adventitia, intima, external or internal elastic lamina

Question 9

what are the cells that manage the size of the capillaries

Answer 9

pericytes

Question 10

what is it called when the vascular endothelium in the capillaries isn’t complete

Answer 10

fenestrated - material can leave circulation - often found in kidneys and liver

Question 11

what are veins and venules missing that arteries have

Answer 11

external elastic lamina, they also have a larger lumen and smaller media and valves

Question 12

do venules have pericytes

Answer 12

yes they have a continual layer wrapped around them, as they get larger the pericytes are replaced with smooth muscle

Question 13

how can the smooth muscle in the walls of veins be arranged

Answer 13

circumferentially or longitudinally

Question 14

what do lymphatics contain and what are they comprised of

Answer 14

valves like veins, lymph (derived from blood plasma). they are comprised of collagen, elastic fibres and smooth muscle

Question 15

are peripheral nerves myelinated

Answer 15

yes most are, this is done by the schwann cells which produce the myelin

Question 16

what is present between individual axons

Answer 16

endoneurium

Question 17

what binds axons together to form nerve fibres

Answer 17

perineurium

Question 18

what binds nerve fibres together to form a peripheral nerve

Answer 18

epineurium

Question 19

nerves and blood vessels are often found together, what is this called

Answer 19

neurovascular bundle

Question 20

what is the CNS version of schwann cells

Answer 20

oligodendrocytes

Question 21

what cells produce the myelin in the PNS

Answer 21

schwann cells

Question 22

how many axons per schwann cell and how many schwann cells per axon

Answer 22

only one axon per schwann cell but the number of schwann cells per axon depends on its length

Question 23

what is the difference between myelinated and non-myelinated axons

Answer 23

at any one point on a myelinated axon there is one schwann cell but on a non-myelinated axon there is more than one schwann cell associated with the axon at any one point

Question 24

where are the cell bodies of motor neurones

Answer 24

in the grey matter of the spinal cord

Question 25

where are the cell bodies of sensory neurones

Answer 25

in the dorsal root ganglion

Question 26

where are the cell bodies of sympathetic neurons

Answer 26

in the grey matter of the spinal cord and in the adjacent sympathetic ganglia

Question 27

where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic neurons

Answer 27

in the brain and local ganglia

Question 28

what kind of stain is best for seeing myelin sheath and axons

Answer 28

sliver stain

Question 29

what do silver stains have an affinity for

Answer 29

elements of cytoskeleton of cells

Question 30

what does multi polar mean

Answer 30

the nerve cell has more than 2 axonal processes

Question 31

what does bipolar mean

Answer 31

the nerve cell has 2 axonal processes

Question 32

what does unipolar mean

Answer 32

the nerve cell has 1 axonal process

Question 33

what does pseudo-unipolar mean

Answer 33

it appears to have only 1 axonal process