Immigration/Urbanization Flashcards
Who took this picture and what did it help to expose?
Jacob Riis, life in tenements
What were the pull factors for immigrants?
promise of freedom, jobs, opportunities, land
SEC. 2. That the master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring within the United States on such vessel, and land or permit to be landed, any Chinese laborer, from any foreign port or place, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars for each and every such Chinese laborer so brought, and may be also imprisoned for a term not exceeding one year.
Which immigrant group is being singled out in the reading?
The Chinese
How do the people in the cartoon feel about immigrants entering the United States?
They are against it
Natitivists
group who sought to limit immigration and preserve the country for native-born white Protestants.
Push Factors
conditions that drive people from their homes.
Pull Factors
conditions that attract immigrants to a new area
What were the push factors for immigrants?
land was scarce, farm machines were replacing workers, political or religious persecution, political unrest
Ellis Island
Located in NY, immigrant receiving station for those coming from European countries.
Angel Island
Located in San Francisco, CA, immigrant receiving station for those coming from Asian countries.
How did Congress respond to the anti-Chinese feeling?
passing the Chinese Exclusion Act
Why were people attracted to cities?
offered jobs, exciting places to live
Why did immigrants face prejudice and discrimination?
Reasons for resentment: Took jobs, others feared them because they were different.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Barred Chinese laborers from entering the country. In addition, no Chinese person who left the U.S. could return.
Urbanization
the movement of a population from farms to cities.
Skyscrappers
tall buildings with many floors and lightweight steel frame construction.
suburbs
residential areas outside or near the city.
settlement house
community centers that offered services to the poor.
What services were offered in a settlement house?
taught classes in American government and English, gave instruction on health care, provided nurseries for children, and provided recreational activities.
building codes
set standards for construction and safety.
Salvation Army
spread Christian teachings, offered food and shelter to the poor.
Young Men’s Hebrew Association (YMHA)
provided social activities, encouraged good citizenship, and helped Jewish families preserve their culture.
compulsory education
laws that required children to attend school, up to sixth grade.
parochial schools
Church sponsored schools.
yellow journalism
sensational news reporting style.
Dime Novels
Low-priced paperbacks, offered thrilling adventure stories. Many stories were about the wild west.
realists
tried to show the harsh side of life as it was.
What were some of the urban reforms?
fire and police departments, sanitation system, building codes, new buildings were required to have plumbing and fire escapes.
steerage
Airless rooms below deck on a ship.
Old Immigrants
Early wave of English, Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians.
New Immigrants
Immigrants arrived after 1885 from Southern and Eastern Europe. They included Italians, Poles, Greeks, Russians, and Hungarians. On the west coast Asian immigrants arrived.
acculturation
Process of holding on to older traditions while adapting to a new culture.
What problems did immigrants face adjusting to life in the United States?
Immigrants spoke different languages and practiced different religions. They often found it difficult to blend the old and new ways.
tenements
Small apartments that had no windows, heat, or indoor bathrooms.
Why did American cities begin to grow?
Many immigrants arrived and stayed in cities. People moved there because of job opportunities.
What were some of the problems affecting people in cities?
Overcrowding, fire, disease, crime, and pollution.
department stores
New type of stores that sold goods in different sections or departments.
How did entertainment unite Americans?
It provided a shared popular culture of all classes and backgrounds.
