Imm 1 - Immune System Basics

Question 1

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 1

Bone marrow. Thymus.

Question 2

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 2

Lymph nodes. Spleen. MALT (Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue). Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue.

Question 3

What do macrophages in the lymphatics do?

Answer 3

They filter and clean the lymphatic fluid.

Question 4

Where is the site of B- and T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation?

Answer 4

Lymph nodes.

Question 5

What happens in the lymph nodes to B and T cells, and plasma cells?

Answer 5

Site of Activation, proliferation, differentiation for B and T cells. It is an important site where plasma cells synthesize antibodies.

Question 6

Where do you find B cells in the lymph node?

Answer 6

B cells are packed in clusters in the cortex called follicle of cortex.

Question 7

Where do you find T cells in the lymph node?

Answer 7

T cells are in the paracortex of the lymph node.

Question 8

During massive cellular immune response (virus infection), what part of the lymph node enlarges?

Answer 8

Paracortex: there is a mass production of cytotoxic T cells.

Question 9

Which cells do we find in the medulla of the lymph nodes?

Answer 9

We find Plasma cells in the medullary cords and macrophages in the medullary sinus.

Question 10

What are the numerous location-specific MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)?

Answer 10

GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue: lymphoid follicles in the lamina propria of the intestine). O-MALT (Organized-MALT found in the Tonsils and adenoids). BALT (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in the upper airways and the bronchi). NALT (nasal-associated lymphoid tissue).

Question 11

What is Peyer’s patch?

Answer 11

A type of MALT found exclusively in the lamina propria of the illeum that extends into the submucosa of the ileum. It is unencapsulated lymphoid tissue. (This is how we differentiate ileum vs jejunum).

Question 12

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the arm and lateral breast?

Answer 12

Axillary nodes.

Question 13

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the lateral side of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 13

Popliteal lymph node.

Question 14

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the thighs?

Answer 14

Superficial linguinal lymph nodes.

Question 15

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the stomach?

Answer 15

Celiac nodes.

Question 16

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the duodenum and jejunum?

Answer 16

Superior mesenteric

Question 17

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the Sigmoid colon?

Answer 17

Colic lymph nodes which drain to the inferior mesenteric.

Question 18

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to above the pectinate line?

Answer 18

Internal iliac.

Question 19

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to below the pectinate line?

Answer 19

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

Question 20

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the testes?

Answer 20

Para aortic lymph nodes (because it is not a superficial structure, they descend directly from the internal body).

Question 21

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the scrotum?

Answer 21

Superficial inguinal nodes (because it is a superficial structure).

Question 22

Which duct do the lymphatics drain to in the right arm and right half of the head?

Answer 22

Right lymphatic duct.

Question 23

Which nodes do the lymphatics drain to in the body except the right arm and the right part of the head?

Answer 23

Thoracic duct (in the junction of the left sublclavin and internal jugular vein).

Question 24

What are the characteristics of innate immune system?

Answer 24

Nonspecific like macrophages (attack anything). Responds fairly rapidly. No memory. Skin and other barriers.

Question 25

What are the cells in the innate immune system?

Answer 25

Macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, esoinophils, natural killer cells and basophils. Also complement proteins.

Question 26

What are the characteristics of Adaptive immune system?

Answer 26

Very specific. Has memory. Takes longer to get activated.

Question 27

What are the cells that make up the adaptive immune system?

Answer 27

T-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes. Circulating antibodies.

Question 28

To which lymph nodes do the sigmoid colon and rectum drain?

Answer 28

Sigmoid: to colic nodes and later to inferior mesenteric nodes. Rectum: internal iliac nodes.

Question 29

Where can B cells and T cells be found in the lymph nodes?

Answer 29

B cells: Follicles of the cortex. T cells: Paracortex.

Question 30

Where would you find Peyer’s patches?

Answer 30

In the ileum of small intestine.