IMH Topic 3 - Alternatives to the medical model

Question 2

What is the behaviorist explanation for phobias using classical conditioning?

Answer 2

Learned association between a neutral stimulus and a fear response

Question 3

What study exemplifies classical conditioning in phobias?

Answer 3

Watson & Raynor’s Little Albert study

Question 4

How does operant conditioning explain phobias?

Answer 4

Avoidance of feared stimulus is negatively reinforced by reduced fear

Question 5

How does social learning theory explain phobias?

Answer 5

Phobias are learned through observing and imitating others

Question 6

What is the main assumption of the cognitive explanation for mental disorders?

Answer 6

Faulty thinking patterns

Question 7

What is the negative cognitive triad?

Answer 7

Negative views about the world

Question 8

Who proposed the negative cognitive triad?

Answer 8

Aaron Beck

Question 9

What are overgeneralizations in cognitive distortions?

Answer 9

Drawing broad negative conclusions from single events

Question 10

Who proposed the idea of faulty cognitions?

Answer 10

Albert Ellis

Question 11

What do humanistic explanations emphasize?

Answer 11

Uniqueness of humans and self-actualization

Question 12

Who proposed the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 12

Abraham Maslow

Question 13

What is a key assumption of humanistic explanations?

Answer 13

Freewill

Question 14

What is the goal of systematic desensitization?

Answer 14

To replace negative associations with positive ones

Question 15

What type of conditioning is used in systematic desensitization?

Answer 15

Classical conditioning

Question 16

What is flooding?

Answer 16

Direct exposure to the feared object

Question 17

What are the potential drawbacks of flooding?

Answer 17

Can cause panic and reinforce the phobia

Question 18

What is the goal of rational emotive therapy?

Answer 18

To identify and change irrational beliefs

Question 19

What are the components of the ABCDE model in rational emotive therapy?

Answer 19

Activating event

Question 20

What is the focus of client-centered therapy?

Answer 20

Patient-led therapy with therapist as facilitator

Question 21

How does the behaviorist approach align with psychology as a science?

Answer 21

It is scientific with causal links between event and outcome

Question 22

How does the cognitive approach align with psychology as a science?

Answer 22

Less scientific

Question 23

How does the humanistic approach align with psychology as a science?

Answer 23

Unscientific

Question 24

Is the behaviorist approach reductionist or holistic?

Answer 24

Reductionist

Question 25

Is the cognitive approach reductionist or holistic?

Answer 25

Reductionist

Question 26

Is the humanistic approach reductionist or holistic?

Answer 26

Holistic

Question 27

Is the behaviorist approach deterministic or based on freewill?

Answer 27

Deterministic

Question 28

Is the cognitive approach deterministic or based on freewill?

Answer 28

Deterministic

Question 29

Is the humanistic approach deterministic or based on freewill?

Answer 29

Freewill

Question 30

What are the ethical considerations of behaviorist treatments?

Answer 30

Patient consent and withdrawal

Question 31

What are the ethical considerations of cognitive treatments?

Answer 31

Patient consent and withdrawal

Question 32

What are the ethical considerations of flooding?

Answer 32

Potential to worsen phobia and cause extreme reactions

Question 33

What is the usefulness of behaviorist treatments?

Answer 33

Long-term solutions

Question 34

What is the usefulness of cognitive treatments?

Answer 34

Patient choice

Question 35

What is the usefulness of humanistic treatments?

Answer 35

Open environment

Question 36

What are the limitations of behaviorist treatments?

Answer 36

Potential to worsen phobia

Question 37

What are the limitations of cognitive treatments?

Answer 37

Can cause distress

Question 38

What was the aim of Szasz's essay 'The Myth of Mental Illness'?

Answer 38

To critique the medicalization and politicization of mental illness

Question 39

What did Szasz argue about mental illness?

Answer 39

It is a metaphor or myth

Question 40

How does Szasz view the role of psychiatrists?

Answer 40

As having excessive power

Question 41

What are the key points of Szasz's critique?

Answer 41

Rejects medical paradigm

Question 42

How does Szasz's essay align with reductionism or holism?

Answer 42

Holistic

Question 43

What is the usefulness of Szasz's work?

Answer 43

Influential in empowering patients

Question 44

What are the ethnocentrism considerations of Szasz's work?

Answer 44

Focus on American healthcare

Question 45

What are the social sensitivity considerations of Szasz's work?

Answer 45

Potential distress for those with mental illness