Criminal Psychology Topic 4

Question 1

Name the studies

Answer 1

KEY: Dixon et al
- Penrod & Cutler
- Signall & Ostrove
- Pennington & Hastie
- Simonds & Chabris

Question 2

Penrod & Cutler
Witness confidence
Procedure

Answer 2

Video mock trial (Robery)
Female witness

Question 3

Penrod & Cutler
Witness confidence
Findings

Answer 3

• 80% confidence - 60% guilty verdict
• 100% confidence - 67% guilty verdict

Question 4

Penrod & Cutler
Witness confidence
Conclution

Answer 4

The MORE CONFIDENT witness is MORE jurors PURSUADED
YET
100% condfidence only has 67% guilty verdict = confidence is only 1 factor

Question 5

Sigall & Ostrove
Attractivness of defendent
Sample

Answer 5

120 college students
60:60 gender split

Question 6

Sigall & Ostrove
Attractivness of defendent
Conditions

Answer 6

Attractive / not attractive / no information given
Burglary / Fraud

Question 7

Sigall & Ostrove
Attractivness of defendent
procedure

Answer 7

• Read accounts of crime (strong suggestion of guilt)
• recomend puishment (1-15 years in prison)

Question 8

Sigall & Ostrove
Attractivness of defendent
Findings

Answer 8

Longest: Attractive/Fraud -> 5.45 years (average)
Shortest: Attractive/Burglary -> 2.8 years (average)

Question 9

Sigall & Ostrove
Attractivness of defendent
Conclution

Answer 9

Attractive is favoured by jurory UNLESS used attractiveness to defraud people

Question 10

Penning & Hastie
Story Order
Procedure

Answer 10

Participants were jurors in mock trial
Lawyers gave storied in different orders

Question 11

Penning & Hastie
Story Order
Findings

Answer 11

Defendent: Witness order / Prosecution: Story Order = 78% guilty verdict
Defendent: Story order / Prosecution: Witness Order = 31% guilty verdict

Question 12

Penning & Hastie
Story Order
Conclution

Answer 12

Story Order (chronology) = more persuasive than witness order (emotion)
Events are easier to construct if event are in right order

Question 13

Simonds & Chabris
Visual Innattention
How could barristers use findings to discreading eye-wittness testonomies

Answer 13

Unexpected Event missed 46% of the time

Question 14

Simonds & Chabris
Visual Innattention
How could barristers use findings to support eye-wittness testonomies

Answer 14

Unexpected Event seen 54% of the time

Question 15

Dixon Et Al
Accents in perseption of guilt
Sample

Answer 15

119 White Psychology Undergraduates
24 male / 95 female
mean age 25.2 years

Question 16

Dixon Et Al
Accents in perseption of guilt
Conditions

Answer 16

Race:
- White
- Black
Accent:
- Brummie
- Standard
Type of Crime
- White Collar (Fraud)
- Blue Collar (Robbery)

Question 17

Dixon Et Al
Accents in perseption of guilt
Condition groups

Answer 17

• Brummie / White / White Collar
• Brummie / White / Blue Collar
• Brummie / Black / White Collar
• Brummie / Black/ Blue Collar
• Standard / White / White Collar
• Standard / White / Blue Collar
• Standard / Black / White Collar
• Standard / Black / Blue Collar

Question 18

Dixon Et Al
Accents in perseption of guilt
Method

Answer 18

2x2x2 factor design
Labratory Experiment
Repeated Measures

Question 19

Dixon Et Al
Accents in perseption of guilt
Procedure

Answer 19

• Listened to 2 minuet recorded convosation
  - based on real police interview in 1950
  - young male suspect pleading inocents
  + police officer describes race of suspect & hight 5’9
• Rated guilt of suspect on 7 point scale
• Speach Evaluation Instrament
  - ‘ omnibus’ (wide) measurment of language attitiudes

Question 20

Dixon Et Al
Accents in perseption of guilt
Findings

Answer 20

• Brummie accent rated as most guilty
  * Brummie / Black / Blue Collar had highest rating of guilt*
• Supperiorty (colour crime) & attractivness can predict guilt