Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 14 > Imaging the Emergency Patient > Flashcards

Imaging the Emergency Patient Flashcards

1
Q

what are common traumatic injuries (6)

A
  1. pneumothorax
  2. pulmonary contusion
  3. pleural effusion (fluid)
  4. ascites
  5. diaphragmatic rupture
  6. fracture/luxations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

identify the normal structures of the thorax (7)

A
  1. trachea
  2. cranial vena cava
  3. main stem bronchi
  4. bronchi
  5. pulmonary vessels
  6. caudal vena cava
  7. diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the criteria of imaging modalities (5)

A
  1. readily available
  2. conscious or mild sedation
  3. rapid
  4. minimal stress/not invasive
  5. easy to interpret (quality of image)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the prioritized areas

A
  1. thorax
  2. abdomen
  3. spine
  4. head
  5. limb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the effect of over exposure

A

too dark

lack of contrast

misdiagnose a pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the effects of under exposure

A

too white

too little differentiation

misdiagnose abdominal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are anatomic artefacts

A

skin fold/lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what should you normally see in the thorax (5)

A
  1. heart
  2. diaphragm
  3. trachea
  4. lungs (blood vessels)
  5. thoracic wall (ribs, sternum, vertebrae)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what should you look for to identify abnormalities

A
  1. loss of normal structure
  2. loss of normal architechture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are traumatic lesions that can happen in the thoracic wall (4)

A
  1. diaphragmatic rupture
  2. fractured ribs
  3. fractured or dislocated sternum
  4. flail chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some traumatic lesions that occur to the intrathoracic cavity (6)

A
  1. pneumothorax
  2. pulmonary contusion
  3. pneumomediastinum (cervical, pharyngeal?)

(1-3 more common)

  1. pleural effusion (hemothorax, chylothorax)
  2. cardiac tamponade (pericardial effusion)
  3. lung lobe torsion

(4-6 less common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does a pneumothorax present on radiograph (3)

A
  1. heart raised from sternum
  2. retraction of lung lobes –> free gas between lung and thoracic wall & loss of vascular markings peripherally
  3. increased lung opacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is occuring here

A

pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is occuring here

A

pneumothorax

free gas with no pulmonary markings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are lung bulla/blebs

A

permanent air filled space within the lung –> lung trauma not clinically significant but if pop can lead to development of pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the signs of a tension pneumothorax (4)

A
  1. heart raised from sternum
  2. retraction of lung lobes –> loss of vascular markings peripherally
  3. diaphragm pushed caudally –> diaphragm flat or concave
  4. increased intercostal spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a tension pneumothorax

A

air pressure is continually increased that can be developed in the lung paranchyma emergency

diaphragm flattened appearance

rounded chest

very poor gas exchange –> imminent danger for animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the appearance of pulmonary contusions

A

lung has soft tissue opacity –> blood, edema

commonly seen but not always with pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is shown here

A

pulmonary contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does pleural effusion appear on radiograph

A
  1. loss of cardiac shadow (DV, lateral if marked/severe effusion)
  2. retraction of lung lobes (soft tissue opacity in pleural space, outlines lungs, interlobar fissures, leaf or scalloped edges)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is shown here

A

pleural effusion

may see faint lines running between intercostal spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does a diaphragmatic rupture show on radiograph (6)

A
  1. can’t see diaphragm
  2. gas filled tubes of intestines in thorax
  3. abdomen is missing small intestine loops –> empty abdomen
  4. displaced/absent falciform fat
  5. cranial displacement of pylorus
  6. loss of diaphragmatic line

+/- pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is shown here

A

diaphragmatic rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does pneumomediastinum show on radiograph

A
  1. visible contents of mediastinum

may track under skin

  1. tracheal/esophageal perforation
  2. cervical/pharyngeal wound

air building up in mediastinum space –> increased visibility of structures here (vascular structures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how is pericardial effusion best diagnosed
ultrasound
26
what does ability to identify organs depend on
1. presence of intra-abdominal fat 2. presence of gas in GI tract
27
what is aFAST and what are the 4 points
4 point check 1. diaphragmohepatic: aiming up to liver 2. splenorenal (dorsally on left) 3. cystocolic (ventrally in front of pubis) 4. hepatorenal (right side dorsally, kidney and back of liver)
28
how does peritoneal fluid appear on radiograph (4)
1. organs not visible 2. loss of serosal detail (loss of SI wall, only lumenal gas) 3. pot belly 4. displacement of small bowel may suggest organ of origin
29
what is shown here
peritoneal fluid
30
what does presnece of peritoneal fluid appear on ultrasound
anechoic between organs
31
what does presence of peritoneal fluid indicate
rupture of liver (hemoabdomen), spleen, bladder (uroabdomen), GI tract (septic peritonitis)
32
what would gas +/- fluid in the abdomen indicate
rupture of GI tract
33
what is shown here
peritoneal fluid in abdomen
34
what causes peritoneal gas
GI rupture
35
what is shown here
peritoneal gas lat decubital horizontal --\> air under abdominal wall
36
what does peritoneal gas & fluid indicate
peritonitis
37
what is shown here
peritonitis loss of detail --\> free fluid highlighting of caudal surface of diaphragm
38
how does GDV appear on radiograph
1. rotated stomach 2. dilated SI (smurf hat, popeye arm)
39
how does a spleen hematoma appear on ultrasound
1. large mass 2. anechoic areas
40
what is shown here
spleen hematoma
41
what is shown here
spleen hematoma
42
how does urinary rupture appear on radiograph
1. +/- ascites (free fluid) 2. +ve contrast (air runs risk of embolism)
43
what is shown here
urinary rupture
44
how does a urinary rupture appear on ultrasound
anechoic area around organ
45
what is shown here
urinary rupture
46
what are the sources of urinary rupture
bladder urethera ureter/kidney
47
what occurs on contrast radiograph with a urinary rupture
contrast extravasates
48
what trauma can occur to the axial skeleton
1. ribs & sternum 2. head & spine 3. fractures 4. dislocations
49
what is shown here
rib fractures
50
what is flail chest
number of ribs each with 2 fractures --\> move paradoxically with respiration
51
what is shown here
flail chest collapsing in chest wall moves in when inhale
52
what is shown here
sternum fractures, dislocations
53
what is shown here
spinal dislocations displacement of T11 to T12
54
what is shown here
spinal dislocation
55
what trauma can occur to the head
hematoma hemorrhage fracture
56
wha trauma can occur to the appendicular skeleton
fracutres dislocations fracture dislocations
57
what is occuring here
chip fracure with gas under skin --\> open
58
what is occuring here
open fracture --\> gas under skin --\> infection
59
what is occuring here
misalignment with C1 and C2 with bone fragments
60
what is occuring here
retraction of lung lobe with free gas pneumothorax increased opacity of lung lobe pulmonary contusion free gas under skin emphysemia
61
what is occuring here
marked subcutaneous air tracheal wall highlighted --\> pneumomediastinum heart shadow raised from sternum & gas beneath caudal lobes collapsed from thoracic wall black area (gas) around lobes --\> pneumothorax lobes increased in soft tissue opacity --\> contusion avulsion of rib 7
62
what is occuring here
straight white line --\> artefact in good body condition --\> subcut and falciform fat poor abdominal detail --\> fluid suspicious gas in peritoneal cavity --\> ruptured viscus **peritonitis**
63
what is occuring here
vessels in mediastinum obvious air tacking along aorta into abdomen tracheal wall defined (normal lumen surface only) trachea elevated cardaic shadow is wider (4ic) & taller than normal, football shaped --\> margins sharp --\> pericardial effusion
64
what is shown in this US
cardiac lumen and wall surrounded by large anechoic area --\> pericardial effusion
65
what is shown here
loss of serosal detail gas gap betweein diaphragm and liver free gas bubbles retroperitoneally & in region of small bowel

Module 14 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions