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Module 14 > Anesthetic Risk & Pre-Anesthetic Assessment > Flashcards

Anesthetic Risk & Pre-Anesthetic Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common causes of death due to anesthesia in SA

A

cardiac and respiratory causes

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2
Q

what are the common causes of death due to anesthesia in equine

A

CV collapse, fractures in recovery, post-anesthetic myopathy

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3
Q

when does the timing of death usually occur

A

post op usually

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4
Q

what are the ASA grades

A
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5
Q

what are the 5 factors that contribute to anesthetic risk

A
  1. signalment
  2. disease
  3. experience
  4. procedure
  5. facilities
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6
Q

what are signalments (3)

A
  1. age
  2. breed
  3. body weight/condition
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7
Q

how does age affect anesthetic risk (3)

A
  1. older animals have reduced physiological reserves –> greater cardiorespiratory impact on anesthesia
  2. concurrent disease
  3. young animals are physiologically immature (< 12 weeks)
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8
Q

which breeds have increased risk of anesthesia

A
  1. brachycephalic –> small, collapsible airways that are prone to obstruction and severe impairement
  2. greyhounds: unexpected response
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9
Q

how does body weight/condition affect anesthetic risk

A

overweight animals: higher risk –> CV complications, resp complications, wound healing

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10
Q

how does the procedure affect anesthetic risk

A
  1. major vs. minor
  2. urgency
  3. duration
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11
Q

how do the facilities, experience and culture affect the anesthetic risk (4)

A
  1. ability to monitor/treat complications
  2. availability of drugs
  3. experience with procedure
  4. culture surrounding perioperative care
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12
Q

what are factors of increased risks in SA (10)

A

1, ASA grade

  1. procedural urgency
  2. major procedures
  3. duration of procedure
  4. extremes of weight
  5. increasing age
  6. fluid therapy (cats only)
  7. ET intubation (cats)
  8. halothane anesthesia
  9. mask inductions
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13
Q

what are reduces the risks (2)

A
  1. pulse palpation
  2. pulse oximetry
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14
Q

what are factors of increased risk in equines (7)

A
  1. pregnant mares
  2. foals
  3. colic surgery
  4. fracture surgery
  5. duration of procedure
  6. dorsal recumbency
  7. xylazine use
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15
Q

what factors decrease risk in equines (3)

A
  1. blood pressure monitoring
  2. acepromazine use
  3. total IV anesthesia
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16
Q

what are the aims of pre-anesthetic assessment

A

to identify disorders which may affect anesthetic risk

17
Q

what are you primarily looking for when assessing the anesthetic risk

A

evidence of signaficant functional impairment of bodily systems –> these problems can be stabilized and result in anesthetic techniques or cancellation/change in procedure

18
Q

what should assessment involve

A

thorough clinical exam and history

and/or

blood testing, radiography, ultrasonography, echocardiography, ECG

19
Q

are blood tests needed for healthy patients

A

maybe

“never miss” a problem, litigation proof, practice revenue

20
Q

what are the disadvantages of blood testing healthy patients (3)

A
  1. erroneous result
  2. vet evidence suggests ASA1 dogs who are less than 7 years old, testing is unnecessary
  3. precedent in human medicine not to test
21
Q

what are the advantages to blood testing sick patients

A

establish disease presence, severity & monitor for response

22
Q

what are the SAH protocols on blood testing (2)

A
  1. elective ASA 1 dogs for elective surgery (< 7 years): provided normal history and clinical exam no blood sample
  2. > 7 years, > ASA 1 or emergency cases: pre-anesthetic blood test
23
Q

what does pre-anesthetic blood testing include

A

doesn’t always entail full profile of bloods

minimum: PCV, total proteins, urea/creatinine, electrolytes, glucose

24
Q

what are the major disease factors influencing risk (8)

A
  1. cardiovascular
  2. respiratory
  3. hemopoietic
  4. endocrine
  5. GI
  6. renal
  7. neurological
  8. coagulation
25
Q

what are pre-anesthetic questions to consider

A

Module 14 (29 decks)

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