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Informatics Science > Imaging Science > Flashcards

Imaging Science Flashcards

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1
Q

is the study of science, computing, and engineering theories behind the technology

A

Imaging Science

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2
Q

interdisciplinary science and includes computer science, information science, decision science, management science, cognitive science and organizational theory

A

Informatics

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3
Q

is a process of passing information from one person to another or form one place to another

A

Informatics

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4
Q

Informatics fall under the purview of imaging and it can be

A

become more efficient
more effective
more reliable

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5
Q

the word computer refers to

A

any general-purpose-stored-program electronic digital computer

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6
Q

refers to a continuously varying quantity

A

Analog

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7
Q

uses only two values that vary discretely through coding

A

Digital System

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8
Q

are used in many commercial and scientific applications

A

Analog and Digital Meters

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9
Q

are more easier to read and can be more precise

A

Digital Meters

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10
Q

What is the first large-scale radiology application

A

Computed Tomography (CT)

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11
Q

use computers similarly to the way other imaging system do

A

Magnetic resonance imaging and Diagnostic Ultrasonography

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12
Q

making digital fluoroscopy and digital radiography routine

A

Computer control high-voltage-x-ray generator and radiographic control panels

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13
Q

system have provided for development of teleradiography

A

Telecommunication

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14
Q

has changed to way human resources are allocated for this task

A

Teleradiography

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15
Q

which is transfer of images and patient date to remote locations for interpretation and filing

A

Teleradiography

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16
Q

what is the earliest calculating tool

A

The Abacus

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17
Q

was invented thousand of years ago in China and is still used in some parts of Asia

A

The Abacus

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18
Q

in what century Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz built mechanical calculators

A

In 17th century

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19
Q

In 17th century they built mechanical calculators using pegged wheels that could performed the four basic arithmetic functions add, minus, times, divide

A

Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz

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20
Q

in what year Charles Babbage designed an analytic engine

A

In 1842

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21
Q

In 1842 he designed an analytical engine that perform general calculations automatically

A

Charles Babbage

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22
Q

In what year Herman Hollerith designed a tabulating machine

A

In 1890

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23
Q

He designed tabulating machine to record census data

A

Herman Hollerith

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24
Q

Hollerith’s company grew to become IBM.
IBM stand for?

A

International Business Machines Corporation

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25
Q

is an American multinational information technology company headquartered

A

IBM Corporation

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26
Q

The company produces and cells?

A

computer hardware
middleware and software and
provides hosting and consulting services

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27
Q

In what year did John Atansoff and Clifford Berry designed electronic digital computer

A

In 1939

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28
Q

In 1939 they designed and built the first electronic digital computer

A

John Atansoff and Clifford Berry

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29
Q

In what year the British built the first fully operational working computer

A

In December 1943

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30
Q

the British built the first fully operational working computer called ____?

A

Colossus

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31
Q

which was designed to crack encrypted german military codes

A

Colossus

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32
Q

the first general-purpose modern computer was developed in what year

A

In 1944

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33
Q

where did the first general-purpose
modern computer was developed in 1944

A

Harvard University

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34
Q

the first general-purpose modern computer was developed in 1944 at Harvard University. Originally called what??

A

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) or Mark I

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35
Q

it was an electromechanical devise that was exceedingly slow and was prone to malfunction

A

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASCC) Mark I

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36
Q

it was an electromechanical devise that was exceedingly slow and was prone to malfunction

A

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASSC) Mark I

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37
Q

the first general-purpose electronic computer was developed in what year

A

In 1946

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38
Q

Where did the first general-purpose electronic computer was developed in 1946

A

University of Pennsylvania

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39
Q

the first general-purpose electronic computer was developed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania by whom?

A

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

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40
Q

This computer was called ENIAC
ENIAC stand for?

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

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41
Q

It contained more then 80,000 vacuum tubes that failed at an average rate of one every 7 minutes

A

ENIAC

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42
Q

In what year did William Shockley developed the transistor

A

In 1948

43
Q

In 1948 Scientist led by ____ at the Bell Telephone Laboratories developed the transistor

A

William Shockley

44
Q

Is an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electronic signal to pass

A

Transistor

45
Q

The transistor allowed Eckert and Mauchly of the Sperry-Rand Corporation to develop what??

A

UNIVAC universal automatic computer

46
Q

appeared as the first commercially successful general purpose stored program electronic digital computer in the year 1951

A

UNIVAC

47
Q

This incorporates more than 1 million transistors on a chip of silicon that measures less than 1cm on a side

A

Celeron microprocessor

48
Q

computers were vacuum tube devices (1939-1958)

A

First generation

49
Q

computers which became generally available in about 1958 were based on individually packaged transistor

A

Second generation

50
Q

computers used integrated circuit which consist of many transistor and other electronic element

A

Third generation

51
Q

appeared in 1975 was an extension of teh third generation and incorporated large-scale integration

A

Fourth generation

52
Q

this is now been replaced by which places million of circuit elements on a chip that measures less than 1 cm

A

Very large-scale integration (VLSI)

53
Q

a tiny piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon introduced in 1946

A

Chip

54
Q

the microprocessor (chip) was developed in what year and by whom??

A

1971 by Ted Hoff of Intel Corporation

55
Q

is everything about the computer that is visible

A

Hardware

56
Q

the physical components of the system that includes the various input and output devices

A

input processing
memory
storage
output
and communication

57
Q

translate what the user inputs into a series of 1s and 0s that the computer can understand

A

Computer Language

58
Q

computer can accept and report alphabetical characters and numeric information

A

Binary System

59
Q

the word digit comes from the latin word ____ and ____

A

finger and toe

60
Q

one binary digit?
8 bit?

A

“bit”
“bytes”

61
Q

is expressed by the number of bytes that can be accomodated

A

computer capacity

62
Q

is a primary element that allows the computer to manipulate and carry out software instructions

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

63
Q

give an example of CPU

A

Intel Core i5 and AMD phenom II

64
Q

is designed for large, high performance, multiuser or multitasking system

A

Pentium Processor

65
Q

components that are connected by an electrical conductor

A

Bus

66
Q

these control unit tells the computer how to carry out software instructions, which direct the hardware to perform a task

A

Bus

67
Q

1 megahertz (MHz) =

A

1 million cycles per second

68
Q

but todays microprocessor commonly run at up to??

A

1 GHz = 1000 MHz

69
Q

but todays microprocessor commonly run at up to??

A

1 GHz = 1000 MHz

70
Q

it is more active

A

memory

71
Q

is more archival

A

storage

72
Q

data can be stored or accessed at random from anywhere in main memory

A

Random Access Memory

73
Q

chips are more widely use

A

DRAM (dynamic random access memory)

74
Q

chios are more faster

A

SRAM (static random access memory)

75
Q

retains it’s memory even if power to the computer is lost

A

SRAM

76
Q

requires more space and power

A

DRAM

77
Q

is a working storage of a computer

A

Main Memory

78
Q

contains information supplied that cannot be written on or erased

A

Read-only Memory (ROM)

79
Q

what are the three variation or ROM chips

A

PROM
EPROM
EEPROM

80
Q

chips are blank chips that can write program to. After the program is written, it cannot be erased

A

Programmable Read-only Memory (PROM)

81
Q

chips, except that the content are erasable with the use of a special device that express the chip to ultraviolet light

A

Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory
(EPROM)

82
Q

chips can be reprogrammed with the use of special electronic impulses

A

Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory (EEPROM)

83
Q

-temporary memory
-can be changed or deleted
- is a volatile memory

A

RAM

84
Q

-permanent memory
-cannot be changed or deleted
-non-volatile memory

A

ROM

85
Q

Is the main circuit board in a system unit

A

motherboard or system board

86
Q

is required in the form of CD’s Dvds, HDD and SSDs

A

secondary memory

87
Q

is used to refers to a collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer

A

File

88
Q

a kilobyte/kb is ?
a megabyte/mb is ?
a gigabyte/gb is
a terabyte/tb is ?

A

-1024 bytes
-millions of bytes
-1 billion bytes
-1024 gigabytes

89
Q

stores data and programs on a disc-shaped, flat piece of Mylar plastic

A

CD / compact disc

90
Q

operate in the same manner but offer higher calacity

A

DVDs and Blue-ray Disc

91
Q

are thin, rigid glass or metal platters, are tightly sealed in a hard disc drive and can also attached externally

A

HDDs / Hard Disc Drives

92
Q

these drive are typically of a lower capacity and more expensive.

A

Solid-state Drive / SSD

93
Q

consist of two or more-disc drives n a single cabinet

A

Redundant Array of Independent Disc / RAID

94
Q

consist of devices that translate computer information into a form that human can undestand

A

output devices / output hardware

95
Q

are thinner and lighter and consume less power than CRTs

A

flat panel displays / liquid crystal displays / LCD

96
Q

are another form of output device and are categorized by the manner physically contacts the paper to print an image

A

Printer

97
Q

photocopying machines images are created with dots on a drum it also used for medical imaging

A

Laser printers

98
Q

images with little dots these printers electrically charge small drops of ink then quieter and less expensive

A

Inkjet Printers

99
Q

converts data into a form that the computer can use

A

input devices

100
Q

includes standard typewriter keys that are used to enter words

A

Keyboard

101
Q

translate images if text, drawings, or photographs into a digital format

A

Scanners

102
Q

translate analog sound into digital format

A

Audio input device

103
Q

collects data directly form the environment and transmit them to a computer

A

Sensors

104
Q

detects specific movement and characteristics of teh human body

A

Human biology input devices

Informatics Science (4 decks)

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