Imaging Science Flashcards
is the study of science, computing, and engineering theories behind the technology
Imaging Science
interdisciplinary science and includes computer science, information science, decision science, management science, cognitive science and organizational theory
Informatics
is a process of passing information from one person to another or form one place to another
Informatics
Informatics fall under the purview of imaging and it can be
become more efficient
more effective
more reliable
the word computer refers to
any general-purpose-stored-program electronic digital computer
refers to a continuously varying quantity
Analog
uses only two values that vary discretely through coding
Digital System
are used in many commercial and scientific applications
Analog and Digital Meters
are more easier to read and can be more precise
Digital Meters
What is the first large-scale radiology application
Computed Tomography (CT)
use computers similarly to the way other imaging system do
Magnetic resonance imaging and Diagnostic Ultrasonography
making digital fluoroscopy and digital radiography routine
Computer control high-voltage-x-ray generator and radiographic control panels
system have provided for development of teleradiography
Telecommunication
has changed to way human resources are allocated for this task
Teleradiography
which is transfer of images and patient date to remote locations for interpretation and filing
Teleradiography
what is the earliest calculating tool
The Abacus
was invented thousand of years ago in China and is still used in some parts of Asia
The Abacus
in what century Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz built mechanical calculators
In 17th century
In 17th century they built mechanical calculators using pegged wheels that could performed the four basic arithmetic functions add, minus, times, divide
Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz
in what year Charles Babbage designed an analytic engine
In 1842
In 1842 he designed an analytical engine that perform general calculations automatically
Charles Babbage
In what year Herman Hollerith designed a tabulating machine
In 1890
He designed tabulating machine to record census data
Herman Hollerith
Hollerith’s company grew to become IBM.
IBM stand for?
International Business Machines Corporation
is an American multinational information technology company headquartered
IBM Corporation
The company produces and cells?
computer hardware
middleware and software and
provides hosting and consulting services
In what year did John Atansoff and Clifford Berry designed electronic digital computer
In 1939
In 1939 they designed and built the first electronic digital computer
John Atansoff and Clifford Berry
In what year the British built the first fully operational working computer
In December 1943
the British built the first fully operational working computer called ____?
Colossus
which was designed to crack encrypted german military codes
Colossus
the first general-purpose modern computer was developed in what year
In 1944
where did the first general-purpose
modern computer was developed in 1944
Harvard University
the first general-purpose modern computer was developed in 1944 at Harvard University. Originally called what??
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) or Mark I
it was an electromechanical devise that was exceedingly slow and was prone to malfunction
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASCC) Mark I
it was an electromechanical devise that was exceedingly slow and was prone to malfunction
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASSC) Mark I
the first general-purpose electronic computer was developed in what year
In 1946
Where did the first general-purpose electronic computer was developed in 1946
University of Pennsylvania
the first general-purpose electronic computer was developed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania by whom?
J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly
This computer was called ENIAC
ENIAC stand for?
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
It contained more then 80,000 vacuum tubes that failed at an average rate of one every 7 minutes
ENIAC
In what year did William Shockley developed the transistor
In 1948
In 1948 Scientist led by ____ at the Bell Telephone Laboratories developed the transistor
William Shockley
Is an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electronic signal to pass
Transistor
The transistor allowed Eckert and Mauchly of the Sperry-Rand Corporation to develop what??
UNIVAC universal automatic computer
appeared as the first commercially successful general purpose stored program electronic digital computer in the year 1951
UNIVAC
This incorporates more than 1 million transistors on a chip of silicon that measures less than 1cm on a side
Celeron microprocessor
computers were vacuum tube devices (1939-1958)
First generation
computers which became generally available in about 1958 were based on individually packaged transistor
Second generation
computers used integrated circuit which consist of many transistor and other electronic element
Third generation
appeared in 1975 was an extension of teh third generation and incorporated large-scale integration
Fourth generation
this is now been replaced by which places million of circuit elements on a chip that measures less than 1 cm
Very large-scale integration (VLSI)
a tiny piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon introduced in 1946
Chip
the microprocessor (chip) was developed in what year and by whom??
1971 by Ted Hoff of Intel Corporation
is everything about the computer that is visible
Hardware
the physical components of the system that includes the various input and output devices
input processing
memory
storage
output
and communication
translate what the user inputs into a series of 1s and 0s that the computer can understand
Computer Language
computer can accept and report alphabetical characters and numeric information
Binary System
the word digit comes from the latin word ____ and ____
finger and toe
one binary digit?
8 bit?
“bit”
“bytes”
is expressed by the number of bytes that can be accomodated
computer capacity
is a primary element that allows the computer to manipulate and carry out software instructions
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
give an example of CPU
Intel Core i5 and AMD phenom II
is designed for large, high performance, multiuser or multitasking system
Pentium Processor
components that are connected by an electrical conductor
Bus
these control unit tells the computer how to carry out software instructions, which direct the hardware to perform a task
Bus
1 megahertz (MHz) =
1 million cycles per second
but todays microprocessor commonly run at up to??
1 GHz = 1000 MHz
but todays microprocessor commonly run at up to??
1 GHz = 1000 MHz
it is more active
memory
is more archival
storage
data can be stored or accessed at random from anywhere in main memory
Random Access Memory
chips are more widely use
DRAM (dynamic random access memory)
chios are more faster
SRAM (static random access memory)
retains it’s memory even if power to the computer is lost
SRAM
requires more space and power
DRAM
is a working storage of a computer
Main Memory
contains information supplied that cannot be written on or erased
Read-only Memory (ROM)
what are the three variation or ROM chips
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
chips are blank chips that can write program to. After the program is written, it cannot be erased
Programmable Read-only Memory (PROM)
chips, except that the content are erasable with the use of a special device that express the chip to ultraviolet light
Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory
(EPROM)
chips can be reprogrammed with the use of special electronic impulses
Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory (EEPROM)
-temporary memory
-can be changed or deleted
- is a volatile memory
RAM
-permanent memory
-cannot be changed or deleted
-non-volatile memory
ROM
Is the main circuit board in a system unit
motherboard or system board
is required in the form of CD’s Dvds, HDD and SSDs
secondary memory
is used to refers to a collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer
File
a kilobyte/kb is ?
a megabyte/mb is ?
a gigabyte/gb is
a terabyte/tb is ?
-1024 bytes
-millions of bytes
-1 billion bytes
-1024 gigabytes
stores data and programs on a disc-shaped, flat piece of Mylar plastic
CD / compact disc
operate in the same manner but offer higher calacity
DVDs and Blue-ray Disc
are thin, rigid glass or metal platters, are tightly sealed in a hard disc drive and can also attached externally
HDDs / Hard Disc Drives
these drive are typically of a lower capacity and more expensive.
Solid-state Drive / SSD
consist of two or more-disc drives n a single cabinet
Redundant Array of Independent Disc / RAID
consist of devices that translate computer information into a form that human can undestand
output devices / output hardware
are thinner and lighter and consume less power than CRTs
flat panel displays / liquid crystal displays / LCD
are another form of output device and are categorized by the manner physically contacts the paper to print an image
Printer
photocopying machines images are created with dots on a drum it also used for medical imaging
Laser printers
images with little dots these printers electrically charge small drops of ink then quieter and less expensive
Inkjet Printers
converts data into a form that the computer can use
input devices
includes standard typewriter keys that are used to enter words
Keyboard
translate images if text, drawings, or photographs into a digital format
Scanners
translate analog sound into digital format
Audio input device
collects data directly form the environment and transmit them to a computer
Sensors
detects specific movement and characteristics of teh human body
Human biology input devices
