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ARRT Review > Imaging Production > Flashcards

Imaging Production Flashcards

1
Q

What is technique chart primarily used with AEC?

A

Fixed kVp

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2
Q

Which of the following occurs during bremsstrahlung radiation production?

A

Electron approaches nucleus, loses energy and changes direction

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3
Q

Increases kVp,

A

increases receptor exposure

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4
Q

The available gray scale of an imaging system is determined by:

A

Bit depth

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5
Q

Which test measures timer accuracy?

A

Spinning top test

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6
Q

What gives the appearance of structures being enlarged on TV monitors?

A

Magnification Mode

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7
Q

That part of the image-intensifier that converts light into electrons is known as the:

A

Photocathode

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8
Q

When using a grid, we must stay within a certain focal range as to not place beam along grid lines.

A

True

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9
Q

A low ratio grid compared to a high ratio grid will:

A

Absorb less secondary radiation & require less exposure to produce a given receptor exposure

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10
Q

The light field alignment should be within +/-:

A

2% of SID

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11
Q

What is the percentage of pixel area that is sensitive to x-ray?

A

Fill factor

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12
Q

The path of the electron flow from the photocathode to the output phosphor is controlled by:

A

Electrostatic lenses

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13
Q

Higher Signal to Noise Ratio:

A

Better visibility of our image

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14
Q

Primary display monitors should have an average luminance of:

A

300 - 500 cd/m2

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15
Q

X-ray tubes require ______ to function.

A

Alternating current ???

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16
Q

The plate reader does all of the following except:

A

Holds the laten image

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17
Q

A particular mAs, regardless of the combination of mA and time, will reproduce the same radiographic density. This is a statement of the

A

Reciprocity Law

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18
Q

What is the purpose of collimators?

A

Limits exposure and reduces secondary and scatter radiation

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19
Q

Selecting the central photocell on an AEC device while performing a PA chest x-ray exam would most likely result in _____

A

Overexposed image

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20
Q

The larger the detector element, the lower the spatial resolution.

A

True

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21
Q

A slit camera is used to measure:

A

Focal spot size

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22
Q

Which of the following is not a video camera device used for monitoring the fluoroscopic image?

A
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23
Q

When a quality control test is performed to ensure that the same exposure factors produce a consistent x-ray output, successive exposures must be within this amount of one another:

A

5%

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24
Q

In which ways does SID affect spatial resolution?

A

Spatial resolution is directly related to SID
(NOT propositional)

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25
Q

Which of the following system functions to compensate for changing patient/part thickness during fluoroscopic procedures?

A

Automatic Brightness Control (ABC)

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26
Q

In digital imaging, mAs selection has an effect on:
1. Receptor exposure
2. Patient dose
3. Brightness

A

1 and 2

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27
Q

When there is not enough exposure, _____ occurs

A

Quantum Noise

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28
Q

The primary source of scatter radiation is the

A

Patient

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29
Q

Grayscale standard display function should not vary more that +/-:

A

10%

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30
Q

As grid ratio is increased

A

Contrast increases, PT dose increases

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31
Q

What are the effects of scatter radiation on the radiograph?

A

Produces fog & Lessens contrast

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32
Q

In which of the following systems does the radiographer select the anatomic part from the console menu?

A

APR

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33
Q

Flat panel receptors have which of the following advantages over image intensifiers
1. smaller and lighter
2. distortion- free images
3. improved contrast resolution

A

All three

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34
Q

In most modern second-generation image intensifiers, the input phosphor is composed of:

A

Cesium iodide

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35
Q

How efficiently a system converts the x-ray input signal into a useful output image is known as:

A

Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE)

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36
Q

Luminance is measured in

A

Candela per square meter

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37
Q

Involuntary motion can be controlled with proper communication.

A

False

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38
Q

In digital imaging terminology, RIS is the acronym that stands for

A

Radiology Information System

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39
Q

Using variable kVp charts - each cm of increase in patient thickness requires what adjustment to kV?

A

Increase 2 kV

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40
Q

In digital imaging, window level represents ________ while window width represents________

A

brightness, contrast

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41
Q

________ are used to measure the part of anatomy being imaged.

A

Calipers

42
Q

How does filtration affect the primary beam?

A

Increases the average energy of the primary beam

43
Q

The process of assigning a value to each pixel to represent a shade of gray is called:

A

Quantization

44
Q

The backup timer in AEC is used to:

A

Prevent x-ray tube overheating

45
Q

What is the voltage ripple associated with high frequency generators?

A

1%

46
Q

What is the space between the center of a pixel to an adjacent pixel.

A

Pixel pitch

47
Q

Spatial resolution can be evaluated using the following devices except:

A

Penetrometer

48
Q

The range of receptor exposures that can be captured by the detectors is called:

A

Dynamic range

49
Q

The larger the pixel size, the better the spatial resolution.

A

False

50
Q

Increasing the sampling frequency, will increase the spatial resolution.

A

True

51
Q

Which of the following pathologies will require a decrease in technique?

A

Emphysema

52
Q

What can be used to remove bright unexposed areas outside the collimated field?

A

Electronic masking

53
Q

What is overexposure that can not be corrected?

A

Saturation

54
Q

When anatomy is too large to fit on 1 imaging receptor - this feature can be used?

A

Stitching

55
Q

The device that functions to terminate the x-ray exposure following ionization of a particular quantity of air is the:

A

AEC

56
Q

Radiation fog increases spatial resolution on the radiographic image.

A

False

57
Q

What converts the latent image to electronic signal?

A

Analog to digital converter

58
Q

Which of the following will produce the highest quality radiographic image?

A

High SNR

59
Q

Which of the following generators has a 100% voltage ripple?

A

Single phase

60
Q

Which of the following has an effect on spatial resolution?
SID
OID
Focal spot size

A

All

61
Q

What is the ration of number of photons at output phosphor to the number of x-ray photons at the input phosphor?

A

Flux Gain

62
Q

PACS stands for

A

Picture Archiving and Communication System

63
Q

Radiographs should be marked with ______.

A

Lead markers

64
Q

True or false. Quantum noise limits the ability to see detail.

A

True

65
Q

Ionizing radiation intensity decrease as:

A

Distance from the source of radiation increases

66
Q

Smoothing does all of the following except:

A

improves spatial resolution

67
Q

What processing correction allows for the image brightness to be corrected in the image receptor is over or under exposed?

A

Rescaling

68
Q

What is the relationship between receptor exposure and appropriate/required tube filtration

A

Negligible effect

69
Q

In modern rotating anodes, the rotating motion is accomplished by the use of a/an:

A

Induction Motor

70
Q

Over-the-table fluoroscopic imaging systems result in higher radiation exposure to personnel than under the table systems. T/F

A

Ture

71
Q

Alternating current is changed to direct current using a device called:

A

Rectifier

72
Q

The input phosphor of the image intensifier converts:

A

x-ray to light

73
Q

Which of the following devices is used to overcome variations in patient anatomy to provide a more uniform exposure?

A

Compensating Filter

74
Q

The voltage ripple associated with the three-phase, twelve pulse rectified generator is:

A

4%

75
Q

An increase in kilovoltage will:

A

increase photon energy

76
Q

The less voltage ripple = the greater the radiation quality and quantity. T/F

A

True

77
Q

Which of the following can increase or decrease the incoming voltage?

A

Transformers

78
Q

What can help enhance the viewer perception of image brightness and contrast?

A

Low levels of ambient lighting

79
Q

If a small focal spot is used, how will the spatial resolution be affected

A

increase in spatial resolution

80
Q

Which is used to measure mAs linearity, reproducibility, and reciprocity?

A

Penetrometer

81
Q

The unit of measure used to express resolution is:

A

Line Pairs Per Millimeter

82
Q

Which of the following will increase the effective energy of the x-ray beam?
1. Increase in added filtration
2. Increase in kVp
3. Increase in mA

A

1,2

83
Q

The greatest detriment to spatial resolution is:

A

Motion

84
Q

Which of the following occurs with edge enhancement?
1. small high contrast structures more visible
2. image noise increase
3. image noise decreases

A

1,2

85
Q

Size distortion will increase with:

A

A decrease in SID

86
Q

The focusing cup on the cathode is primarily made up of:

A

Nickle

87
Q

In fluoroscopy, the automatic brightness control is used to adjust:

A

kV and mA

88
Q

When measuring mAs Reciprocity, there should be a variance of no more than +/-

A

10%

89
Q

The quality of the x-ray beam is controlled by:

A

kVp

90
Q

What material is the anode target in radiographic units primarily made up of?

A

Tungsten

91
Q

What is the numeric value that is displayed on the processed image to indicate the level of x-ray exposure?

A

Exposure indicator

92
Q

LCD monitors reflect more ambient light then CRT monitors.
T/F

A

False

93
Q

A perfect modulation transfer function (ratio of an image to be accurately produced) would be:

A

100%

94
Q

All the following are parts of the image intensifier except:

A

TV monitor

95
Q

A grid artifact (aliasing artifact) that the laser scan lines run parallel with gridlines with is called:

A

Moire Pattern

96
Q

Foreshortening of an object on a radiograph is a form of:

A

Distortion

97
Q

Which of the following changes mechanical energy to electrical energy?

A

Generators

98
Q

When using _______, the image can be reprocessed to only utilize a certain area of data.

A

Region of interest

99
Q

The production of electrons at the filament of the x-ray tube is a result of which of the following processes?

A

Thermionic Emission

100
Q

The photocathode layer of the image intensifier is compose of:

A

Cesium Antimony

ARRT Review (5 decks)

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