Imaging of the Upper limb

Question 1

What is the diaphysis of a bone?

Answer 1

The shaft

Question 3

What is one of telling if a line on a plain film is a fracture or unfused epiphysis?

Answer 3

Look for displacement of the fat pads

Question 4

Which is the first epiphysis to appear at the elbow joint?

Answer 4

Capitulum and lat trochlear

Question 5

Where else are there secondary ossification centres around the shoulder?

Answer 5

Greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus

Acromion

Outer edge of the clavicle

Glenoid

Question 6

Which two lines make up the radiocarpal angle?

Answer 6

A line between the styloid processes of the radius and ulna and through the first three carpals bones

Question 7

How do radiolucent structions appear on plain film?

Answer 7

Dark

Question 8

Name the epiphysis of the elbow joint?

Answer 8

Lat and med epicondyles

Capitulum and trochlea

Radial head

Olecranon

Question 9

What is the epiphysis of a bone?

Answer 9

The head

Question 10

What are the major differences in tissue appearance between T1 and T2 weighted images?

Answer 10

Fluid appears dark in T1 and bright in T2

Fat is brighter in T1 cf to T2

Question 11

What is the metaphysis of a bone?

Answer 11

The area between the diaphysis (shaft) and head (epiphysis)

Question 12

What are the three structures you can use to triangulate the position of the glenoid fossa?

Answer 12

Coracoid process

Acromion

Blade of the scapula

Question 13

What is a epiphyseal scar?

Answer 13

A radiodense line seen on radiographs between the metaphysis and epiphysis which represents a closed growth plate

Question 14

What is physis another name for?

Answer 14

Epiphyseal plate - hyaline cartilage at the metaphysis of children and adolescents

Question 15

What do elevated fat pads indicate?

Answer 15

There is fluid in the joint > fracture is likely

Question 16

How do radio-opaque structures appear on plain film?

Answer 16

White

Question 17

Why does air appear black on plain films?

Answer 17

Because the radiation can travel straight through it and hit the film

Question 18

What keeps carpals bones alined during deviation?

Answer 18

Intercarpal ligaments

Question 19

At what age does the epiphysis of the radial head appear?

Answer 19

5th year

Question 20

At what ages does teh epiphysis of the olecranon appear?

Answer 20

After the 10th year

Question 21

To get a side on view of the glenohumeral joint how must you position the patient?

Answer 21

Slightly externally rotate them