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2MB Renal (the directors cut) > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

how many nephrons per kidney?

A

approx 1 million

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2
Q

Vascular variants at the hilum of kidney

A
  • Superior pole accessory renal artery

- Early branching of renal artery

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3
Q

Strengths of US for kidneys:

A 
Renal size
cortical scarring
doppler
distenstion of pelvicalyceal system
calculi
detection of renal abnormalities 
cheap
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4
Q

weaknesses of US for kidneys

A

User dependent
Limited characterisation of focal lesions
No contrast medium

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5
Q

Strengths of CT for kidneys

A 
Quick
Multi-phasic assessment of kidney
Vascular assessment
Most pathologies characterised
High spatial resolution 
Multiplanar imaging possible
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6
Q

Weaknesses of CT for kidneys

A

High dose ionising radiation

Contrast induced Nephropathy

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7
Q

CT phase best to depict calculi

A

pre-contrast

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8
Q

CT phase best for cortical (cortex) enhancement

A

corticomedullary

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9
Q

CT phase best for renal medulla and cortex

A

Nephrographic

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10
Q

CT phase best for opacification of renal collecting system and ureters

A

Excretory

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11
Q

Strengths of MRI for kidneys

A

Excellent tissue contrast resolution
Renal lesion characterisation
Vascular assessment
Characterises most pathologies

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12
Q

Weaknesses of MRI for kidneys

A

Lengthy acquisition

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

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13
Q

Replaced IV urography

A

CT urogram

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14
Q

Urethrogram

A

Retrograde filling of urethra

Identifies strictures, trauma, + diverticula

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15
Q

Genitals: US primary imaging for -

A

Testes/scrotum
Uterus and ovaries
Prostate biopsies

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16
Q

Genitals: Hysterosalpingogram best imaging for:

A

Infertility - tubal patency

Uterine anomalies

17
Q

Genitals: MRI best imaging for:

A 
Prostate cancer (local staging)
troubleshooting things not characterised in US
18
Q

In hysterosalpinogram, where does the contrast spill into?

A

Peritoneum

19
Q

Investigation for Macroscopic haematuria in over 50s

A

CT urography (renal parenchymal tumours + urothelial tumours of collecting system or ureters)

20
Q

Investigation for macroscopic haematuria in under 50s

A

US of kidneys (calculi or renal parenchymal tumours)
Cystoscopy
CTU (only if recurrent haematuria)

21
Q

MR Urography useful for people:

A
  • With contrast allergy
  • Renal impairment
  • Pregnant
22
Q

Best invx for Urinary tract trauma

23
Q

Best imaging Renal Colic

A

Non-contrast CT

24
Q

Renal masses best imaging

A

CT for characterisation and staging

25
Q

Best imaging for pregnant persons

A

NOT CT

US or MRI

26
Q

Imaging for scrotal disease

2MB Renal (the directors cut) (16 decks)

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