Anatomy of upper renal tract Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney job?

A

produces urine

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2
Q

Ureter job?

A

drains urine from kidney to bladder

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3
Q

Bladder job?

A

stores and empties urine

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4
Q

Urethra job?

A

excretes urine

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5
Q

histological transitional epithelium that lines most of the urinary tract?

A

Urothelium

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6
Q

Upper UTI?

A

Ureter + Kidneys

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7
Q

Lower UTI?

A

Bladder + urethra

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8
Q

Location of kidneys in relation abdomen?

A

retroperitoneal

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9
Q

Medial aspect of kidney contains the ….

A

hilum

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10
Q

Hilum of kidney contains….

A

Renal artery, vein and ureter

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11
Q

At the hilum veins sit …. to the artery

A

anterior

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12
Q

2 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

External oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominus

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13
Q

Fat that surrounds the kidney

A

Perinephric fat

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14
Q

Muscle medial to kidney

A

Psoas major

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15
Q

Muscle posterior to kidney

A

Quadratus Lumborum

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16
Q

Gives the kidney it’s shape

A

Renal capsule

17
Q

What protects the kidneys from trauma?

A

Muscle guarding

18
Q

Right kidney spinal level

A

L1-L3 (liver displaces it inferiorly)

19
Q

Left kidney spinal level

A

T12-L2

20
Q

Bone that lies posterior to kidneys?

A

Ribs 11 + 12

21
Q

Normal kidney features:

A
12cm long
6cm wide
smooth
regular
firm
22
Q

Deepest part of peritoneal cavity in supine patient

A

Hepatorenal recess (lies anterior to right kidney)

23
Q

common iliac arteries are …. to the common iliac veins

A

anterior

24
Q

Lymph from kidneys drains to …

A

lumbar nodes

25
Q

Blood supply to ureter?

A

branches from renal artery, the abdominal aorta, common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, + vesical artery.

26
Q

Ureter lymph drains to …

A

lumbar nodes and iliac nodes

27
Q

Infra renal AAA

A

excludes the Renal arteries

28
Q

Suprerenal AAA

A

includes the renal arteries

29
Q

Causes of renal artery stenosis:

A
Atherosclerosis
Suprarenal AAA (occlusion of proximal renal artery by aneurysm)
30
Q

Split in proximal Ureter

A

Bifid renal pelvis

31
Q

Two tubes forming one tube at ureter

A

Bifid Ureter

32
Q

Unilateral duplicated ureter

A

Two tubes forming the ureter

33
Q

Structure of Kidney?

A
Renal capsule (on outside)
Outer cortex (mainly)
Inner Medulla (pyramids, each contain around 50,000 nephrons)
34
Q

Role of collecting duct in nephron?

A

passes through pyramid to drain modified filtrate into the minor calyx as urine

35
Q

Anatomical sites of ureteric constriction

A
  • Pelviureteric junction (kidney + ureter)
  • Ureter crossing anterior to common iliac artery
  • Ureteric orifice (opening of ureter into bladder)
36
Q

Type of pain in ureteric obstruction

A

Colicky pain (peristalsis)

37
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

urine back pressure into the calyces compresses the nephrons within the medullary pyramids leading to renal failure