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Applied Medical Imaging > Image production > Flashcards

Image production Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What absorbs X-rays better?

A

Bone and cartilage high atomic number and density

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2
Q

If there is no x-ray absorption what colour shows up?

A

Black

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3
Q

Why do bones block X-rays?

A

High density
low opacity (white)
No silver depositied so light shines through

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4
Q

What hounsfield numbers are good attenuators?

A

bone metal 1000

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5
Q

What is the window width

A

Range of white to black shades

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6
Q

What is the centre of the window width?

A

Window Level

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7
Q

What is contrast used for?

A

To distinguish vessels

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8
Q

What is the order of IV contrast

A

Arterial phase quickly

Venous phase 60-70 seconds later

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9
Q

What is oral contrast helpful with?

A

Digestive structures

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10
Q

What happens if the slice thickness is too large?

A

Blurring

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11
Q

Order of density

A 
Air
Fat
Soft tissue
Bone
Metal
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12
Q

Advantages of digital Imaging?

A

Image manipulation
Image transmission
Image storage
Image analysis and reconstruction

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13
Q

What is brightness defined as?

A

Intensity of light controlled by software algorithms

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14
Q

What is Image quality in DR?

A 
Brightness
Contrast
Resolution
Distortion
Exposure Index
Noise
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15
Q

What is contrast?

A

Difference in brightness between light and dark structures

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16
Q

What is resolution?

A

Sharpness of image

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17
Q

What is distortion?

A

misrepresentation of size due to source image distance and object image distance

18
Q

What is the exposure Index?

A

Numerical representation of exposure the IR has received

19
Q

What workstation is better?

A

Radiologist

20
Q

What is noise?

A

Random disturbance that obscures clarity

21
Q

What is post processing?

A

Enhancing images by changing pixel values

22
Q

If the SNR is low can you post process?

A

No more signal cannot be made

23
Q

What are some post processing options?

A 
Windowing
Smoothing
Magnfication
Edge enhancement
Subtraction
Image reversal
Annotation
24
Q

What does window width and level control?

A

Contrast

and brightness

25
Q

What are common artefacts?

A

Motion artefact
Image composition
Grid cutoff
Radio opaque markers

26
Q

What are film artefacts?

A

Finger marks
Static electricity
Black lines and film
Clear spots

27
Q

CR/DR artefacts

A

Image ghosting
backscatter
stitching

28
Q

What are the technical factors?

A 
Labelling image
Side markers
Exposure
Collimation
Film algorithms
29
Q

What are technical artefacts?

A

Processing artefact
Patient artefacts
Technique artefacts

30
Q

What are the effects of kV and mAs?

A

Pentration and contrast/density

31
Q

What are anatomical factors?

A

All anatomy present
Positioning
Side
projections

32
Q

What are pathological factors?

A

Opacity
Lucency
Distortion of structure

33
Q

What is a pathological bone assessmment

A

BOLTS

34
Q

What is Im A CREAP mean?

A 
Identification
Markers
Collimation
Rotation
Exposure
Additional
Pathology
35
Q

window width and level for brain?

A

0-50-100

36
Q

window width and level for bone

A

2000 ww 300wl

37
Q

ww and wl for lungs

A

1500ww -500wl

38
Q

ww and wl for thorax bone

A

same as bone

39
Q

ww and wl for mediastinum

A

ww 50 wl 400

40
Q

ww and wl for abdomen

A

ww 400 wl 50

Applied Medical Imaging (10 decks)

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